油菜绿肥的腐解特征及养分释放对土壤肥力的影响  

Decomposition Characteristics of Rape Green Manure and Effect of Nutrient Release on Soil Fertility

作　　者：刘新红 周兴 邓力超[1] 范连益[1] 曲亮[1] 李莓[1] LIU Xin-hong;ZHOU Xing;DENG Li-chao;FAN lian-yi;QU liang;LI Mei(Hunan Crop Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省作物研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2020年第5期31-36,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省农业科学院青年引导项目(2018QN15);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-12);长沙市科技计划项目(kq1907051);湖南省油菜产业技术体系建设专项(2020)。

摘　　要：以油肥1号(甘蓝型)、紫叶芥(芥菜型)和南县白(白菜型)油菜为材料,采用网袋包埋法研究不同类型油菜用作绿肥的腐解特征、养分释放规律及对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:各类型油菜的快速腐解期均为埋填后0~28 d,腐解率均在60%以上;埋填后28~102 d为缓慢腐解期,最终腐解率均在80%左右。肥力释放规律与腐解规律相似,至102 d碳累积释放率为76.16%~79.65%,钾累积释放率均在98%以上,氮的累积释放率为74.79%~85.92%,磷的累积释放率为71.68%~78.56%。3种油菜养分的累积释放率无显著差异;碳释放量表现为油肥1号>紫叶芥>南县白,氮释放量表现为紫叶芥>油肥1号>南县白,3种类型油菜的磷和钾的释放量相当。油肥翻压后在一定程度上能提高土壤有机质及水解性氮、有效磷、速效钾等养分的含量。Using Youfei No.1(Brassica napus),Ziyejie(Brassica juncea)and Nanxianbai(Brassica campestris)as materials,the decomposition characteristics,nutrient release law and the of different types of rape as green manure effect on soil fertility were studied by net bag embedding method.The results showed that the fast decay period of all kinds of rape was 0-28 days after burying,and the decay rate was more than 60%;28-102 days after burying,it was a slow decay period,and the final decay rate was about 80%.The law of fertility release is similar to that of decay.At 102 days,the cumulative release rate of carbon was 76.16%-79.65%,the cumulative release rate of potassium was over 98%,the cumulative release rate of nitrogen was 74.79%-85.92%,and the cumulative release rate of phosphorus was 71.68%-78.56%.There was no significant difference in the cumulative release rate of three kinds of rape nutrients;the amount of carbon emission was Youfei No.1>Ziyejie>Nanxianbai.The amount of nitrogen emission was Ziyejie>Youfei No.1>Nanxianbai.The release amount of phosphorus and potassium in three types of rape was equal.The content of soil organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and other nutrients could be increased to a certain extent after the rape green manure was turned over.

关 键 词：油菜 绿肥 腐解特征 养分释放特征 

分 类 号：S142[农业科学—肥料学]