纺织工人职业应激的影响因素分析  

Analysis of influencing factors of textile workers' occupational stress

作　　者：方圆 蒋兆强[1,2] 王剑飞 贾君麟 余丹丹 冯玲芳 施理[1] 郭心念 于曼 夏海玲 余珉[1] 王晶[1] 李涛[1] 鞠莉[1] 王瑾[4] 楼建林[1] Fang Yuan;Jiang Zhaoqiang;Wang Jianfei;Jia Junlin;Yu Dandan;Feng Lingfang;Shi Li;Guo Xinnian;Yu Man;Xia Hailing;Yu Min;Wang Jing;Li Tao;Ju Li;Wang Jin;Lou Jianlin(Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention,Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences,Hangzhou 310013,China;Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Health Safety,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China;Third People's Hospital of Tongxiang,Jiaxing 314500,China;Institute of Occupational Health and Poisoning Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 102206,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省医学科学院职业病防治研究所,杭州310013 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心化学污染与健康安全重点实验室,北京102206 [3]桐乡市第三人民医院,嘉兴314500 [4]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京102206

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2020年第4期275-278,共4页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心化学污染与健康安全重点实验室开放基金(2018CDCKL02)。

摘　　要：目的:探讨浙江省某纺织厂工人职业应激现状及影响因素。方法:于2018年10月,采用方便抽样的方法,以浙江省某纺织厂505名作业工人作为研究对象,共发放和回收505份问卷,有效问卷为495份,有效回收率为98.0%。使用中文版《付出-回报失衡(ERI)问卷》和《工作内容问卷》(JCQ)调查工人职业应激情况并分析其影响因素。不同分组的构成比差异用χ^2检验,年龄、性别、职业等因素对职业应激的影响用多因素logistic回归分析。结果:ERI分析结果显示,高、低职业应激人员分别占30.1%(149/495)、69.9%(346/495),不同的工种和工龄工人的职业应激状况差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),纸管工和纺丝工的高职业应激检出率分别为47.8%(11/23)和44.8%(30/67);工龄>5年工人的高职业应激检出率为46.4%(13/28)。JCQ分析结果显示,不同性别、文化程度、工种、工作模式、每天工作时间和工龄的JCQ类型分布差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。工种对ERI定义的职业应激情况有明显影响(P<0.05),纺丝工发生职业应激的风险是卷绕工的2.151倍。结论:纺织行业不同工种作业人员职业应激风险存在明显差异,应针对不同工种采取不同的职业应激预防控制措施。Objective To explore the occupational stress status and influencing factors of workers in a textile factory in Zhejiang Provice.Methods In October 2018,505 workers from a textile factory in Zhejiang Province were selected as research objects by convenient sampling method.A total of 505 questionnaires were distributed,495 of which were effective and the effective recovery rate was 98.0%.Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ)and Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire(REI)were used to investigate textile workers'occupational stress and analyze its influencing factors.The differences of the composition ratio of different groups were tested byχ^2 test.The influencing factors such as age,gender and occupation on occupational stress were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results ERI analysis results showed that the high and low occupational stress accounted for 30.1%and 69.9%,respectively.The differences of occupational stress among workers of different job types and working ages were statistically significant(P<0.05).The detection rates of high occupational stress of paper workers and spinners were 47.8%(11/23)and 44.8%(30/67),respectively,higher than other jobs.The detection rate of high occupational stress for workers with more than 5 years of service was 46.4%(13/28).The results of JCQ analysis showed that there was no statistical significance in the differences of daily working hours and length of service between different gender,education levels,types of work patterns,and occupational stress(P>0.05).Job types had significant effects on the occupational stress defined by ERI(P<0.05),the risk of occupational stress was 2.151 times than that of the coiler.Conclusion There are significant differences in occupational stress risk among workers of different types of work in textile industry,so different measures should be taken to prevent and control occupational stress in different jobs.

关 键 词：纺织工业 职业应激 工作要求-自主问卷 付出-回报失衡 影响因素 

分 类 号：R13[医药卫生—劳动卫生]