氮素调控对水稻黄华占氮素吸收与利用的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Regulation on Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization of Huanghuazhan

作　　者：万淑红 田应兵[1] 许昌雨 任东宜 WAN Shu-hong;TIAN Ying-bing;XU Chang-yu;REN Dong-yi(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Hubei Jingzhou 434025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第5期1011-1018,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“粮食丰产增效科技创新”专项(2017YFD0301400);杂交水稻湖北省协同中心项目。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨不同氮素调控方式下黄华占的氮素吸收与利用特征,对于黄华占的氮素养分管理具有重要意义。【方法】采用田间试验方法,设置常规施氮(180 kg/hm^2)和减量施氮(135 kg/hm^2)2个水平以及不同的基、蘖、穗肥比例,研究施氮量和施氮比例对植株含氮率、氮在植株体内的分布特征、生物量、氮素吸收量和氮素利用效率的影响。【结果】黄华占整个生育期间含氮率的大小顺序表现为分蘖期>拔节期>齐穗期>灌浆期>成熟期,与生育进程一致;与常规施氮相比,减量施氮水平下,基、蘖、穗肥比例为4∶1∶3时黄华占的产量最高(7541.11 kg/hm^2),较其它处理增产7.98%^15.88%且差异显著,总生物量、氮素吸收量、氮素农学效率、偏生产力和氮素吸收利用率均显著高于其它处理;常规施氮水平下,不同氮素调控处理的氮素利用率变化范围为31.63%^35.40%,而减量施氮水平下不同氮素调控处理的氮素利用率变化在36.68%^48.33%。【结论】在氮肥总量适当减少、确保获得适宜有效穗数的前提下,基、蘖、穗肥比例为4∶1∶3时,有利于改善黄华占生长中后期干物质积累和氮素吸收量,提高氮素利用率,为获得高产提供保障。【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the characteristics of nitrogen uptake and utilization of Huanghua under different nitrogen regulation methods.It is of great significance for improving Huanghua’s nitrogen nutrient management.【Method】The field test method was used to set two levels of conventional nitrogen application(180 kg/hm^2)and reduced nitrogen application(135 kg/hm^2)and different proportions of base,sputum and panicle fertilizers.The effects of nitrogen application rate and nitrogen application rate on plant nitrogen content,nitrogen distribution in plants,biomass,nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency were studied.【Result】The order of nitrogen content rate in the whole growth period was as follows by tillering>jointing>heading>filling>maturity,which was consistent with the growth process.Compared with conventional nitrogen application,the yield of Huanghuazhan was the highest(7541.11 kg/hm^2)when the proportion of base,sputum and panicle was 4∶1∶3,which was 7.98%to 15.88%higher than other treatments.In addition,total biomass,nitrogen uptake amount,nitrogen agronomic efficiency,partial productivity,nitrogen uptake and utilization were significantly higher than other treatments.Under the conventional nitrogen application level,the nitrogen uses efficiency of different nitrogen treatments ranged from 31.63%to 35.40%,while the nitrogen uses efficiency of different nitrogen treatments under the reduced nitrogen application level ranged from 36.68%to 48.33%.【Conclusion】Under the premise of appropriate reduction of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and ensuring the availability of suitable effective panicles,the ratio of base,sputum and panicle fertilizer is 4∶1∶3,which is beneficial to improve the dry matter accumulation and nitrogen uptake amount of Huanghuazhan in the middle and late growth stages,improve the nitrogen utilization rate and provid guarantee for high yield.

关 键 词：氮素调控 黄华占 吸收 利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]