蚓粪中高效促腐除臭微生物的分离与筛选  

Isolation and Screening of High Efficient Decay-promoting and Deodorizing Microorganisms in Earthworm Feces

作　　者：成钢[1] 朱庆辉 王嘉琪 徐伟钢 胡冰洁 崔京珍[1] 赵铭 CHENG Gang;ZHU Qing-hui;WANG Jia-qi;XU Wei-gang;HU Bing-jie;CUI Jing-zhen;ZHAO Ming(Zoology Key Laboratory of Hunan Higher Education/Research Center on Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in Dongting Lake Area/Institute of Animal Health Culture Hunan University of Arts and Science,Hunan Changde 415000,China;Changde Anxiang Xiongtao Animal Husbandry Co.Ltd,Hunan Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院动物学湖南省高校重点实验室/环洞庭湖生物资源保育与利用研究中心/湖南文理学院动物健康养殖研究所,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南省常德市安乡县雄韬牧业有限公司,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第5期1068-1074,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省科技计划项目(2016NK2044);湖南省教育厅重点项目(17A146);湖南文理学院大学生创新创业研究项目(YB1802、ZC1832和ZC1836)。

摘　　要：【目的】从蚯蚓粪中分离和筛选高效促腐与除臭微生物。【方法】以新鲜蚯蚓粪为材料,分别在常规培养基中加入适量浓度的氨水和Na2S,采用梯度稀释法对蚓粪中细菌、真菌和放线菌进行初步培养,富集耐氨、耐硫微生物;采用平板涂布法选择性培养基进行初筛,运用瓶装腐熟发酵法,通过对腐熟温度、pH值和GI值指标的观测进行复筛和综合促腐效果验证,筛选促腐微生物。运用纳氏试剂-分光光度法和碘量法分别对NH3和H2S气体有显著吸收效果的微生物初步筛选;运用瓶装腐熟发酵法,对初筛微生物进行综合除氨与除硫效果验证,获得除臭微生物。【结果】从新鲜蚯蚓粪中共分离、筛选获得5株对羊粪具有显著促腐作用的微生物,其中细菌4株、真菌1株,腐熟发酵第18~24天,各瓶温度较空白对照高2~5℃;腐熟第34~36天,各瓶内温度均高于空白对照1.5~6℃(P<0.05)。采用混合菌液较单一菌液对羊粪促腐发酵效果显著,且随着添加浓度的增加,羊粪发酵腐熟与除臭效果增强。获得7株对NH3具有显著吸除作用的微生物,其中细菌4株、真菌3株,与对照相比,在3 d内对NH3的平均去除率分别为77%、86%、90%、89%、85%、83%和79%;获得5株对H2S具有显著吸除作用的微生物,其中细菌3株、真菌2株,对H2S的去除率分别为78%、63%、77%、71%和68%;既除氨和除硫的微生物有6株,对两者去除率均达60%以上。【结论】从蚓粪中分离筛选获得10株对羊粪具有显著促腐或除臭功能的微生物。【Objective】The present paper aimed to to isolate and screen high efficiency promoting decay microorganisms from earthworm cast.【Method】NH 3 and Na 2 S were added to beef extract peptone medium,Gao’s No.1 medium and Martin’s medium respectively.Bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes in earthworm cast were cultured by gradient dilution method,and ammoniatolerant and sulfur-tolerant microbial banks were established.On the basis of primary screening and rescreening,five to six kinds of microorganisms with prominent maturity indexes,such as temperature,germination index(GI)were selected to prepare liquid bacterial and mixed bacterial liquid of the same concentration,mixed with fresh goat manure with different concentrations,respectively.The indexes of temperature,pH value,color,porosity,odor,mycelium growth and GI were observed regularly,and the data were analyzed statistically using bottled composting fermentation method in this study.【Result】The results showed that 5 strains of microbes with significant promoting effect on goat manure were isolated and screened.On the 18th to 24th days of decomposition fermentation,the temperature of each bottle was 2-5℃higher than that of blank control,and on the 34th to 36th days of decomposition,the temperature of each bottle was higher than that of blank control(1.5-6.0℃)(P<0.05).The effect of mixed bacteria solution on promoting the fermentation of goat manure was better than that of single microbial liquid.Added mixed bacterial liquid in fresh goat manure,the decomposition temperature of goat manure increased rapidly,which shortened the decomposition time than that of blank control and negative control respectively.Seven strains of microorganisms were obtained,including 4 bacteria and 3 fungi.Compared with the control,the average removal rates of NH 3 in three days were 77%,86%,90%,89%,85%,83%and 79%,respectively.Five strains of microorganisms were obtained,of which three were bacteria and two were fungi.The removal rates of H 2 S were 78%,63%,77%,71%and 68%,resp

关 键 词：羊粪 蚓粪 促腐微生物 分离 筛选 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]