小型收割机降噪设计及噪声分析  

Small Harvester Noise Reduction Design and Noise Source Analysis

作　　者：冯伟[1] 崔晋波[1] 李平[1] 曹中华 李亚丽[1] 丁小兵 湛小梅[1] FENG Wei;CUI Jin-bo;LI Ping;CAO Zhong-hua;LI Ya-li;DING Xiao-bing;ZHAN Xiao-mei(Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chongqing 401329,China;Chongqing Xinyuan Agricultural Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Chongqing 401329,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市农业科学院,重庆401329 [2]重庆鑫源农机股份有限公司,重庆401329

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2020年第5期1081-1086,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用示范专项产业类重点研发项目(cstc2018jszx-cyzdX0049);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(cstc2018jxj180004);重庆市农业科学院农业发展资金项目(NKY-2018AB005)。

摘　　要：【目的】针对国产小型收割机在收割作业时普遍存在的振动大、噪声高等问题,设计一款符合噪声要求的小型收割机,并对收割机噪声进行测试与分析。【方法】根据噪声传递路径控制原理,对收割机关键零部件进行降噪设计,采用声强测试技术和噪声源分离识别技术相结合的方法,分析收割机左、右、后侧声强分布及各旋转部件对驾驶员耳侧噪声的影响。【结果】收割机声强较大点主要位于脱离滚筒、发动机排气口、风扇、输送螺旋等位置,且收割机后侧声强主要噪声频率为225 Hz;收割机各工作部件运行时驾驶员耳侧噪声主频均有所不同,发动机仅带风扇运行时,最大声压为73.7 dB(A),比仅带输送螺旋运行时噪声大4.2 dB(A),说明风扇对脱粒系统噪声影响较大。【结论】本文设计的小型收割机驾驶员耳测噪声总声压为90.9 dB(A),符合收割机噪声限值95 dB(A)的要求,该研究可为小型收割机降噪设计及噪声源识别提供技术参考。【Objective】The present paper aimed to a small harvester that meets the noise requirements for the large vibration and high noise of the domestic small-scale harvester during the harvesting operation,and test and analyze the noise of the harvester.【Method】According to the noise transmission path control principle,the noise reduction design of the key parts of the harvester is combined with the sound intensity test technology and the noise source separation and recognition technology to analyze the sound intensity distribution of the left,right and rear sides of the harvester and the rotating parts and the effect on the driver’s ear side noise.【Result】The sound intensity of the harvester was mainly located at the position of the exiting drum,engine exhaust port,fan,conveying screw,etc.,and the main noise frequency of the rear side sound intensity of the harvester was 225 Hz;the driver’s ear was operated when the working parts of the harvester were running.The main noise frequency of the side noise was different.When the engine was only running with a fan,the maximum sound pressure was 73.7dB(A),which was 4.2dB(A)larger than the noise of the conveyor only.This indicates that the fan has a greater influence on the noise of the threshing system.【Conclusion】The total sound pressure of the ear test noise of the small harvester designed in this paper is 90.9dB(A),which meets the requirements of the harvester noise limit of 95dB(A).This study provides a technical reference for noise reduction design and noise source identification of small harvesters.

关 键 词：收割机 降噪设计 声强分析 噪声分析 

分 类 号：S225[农业科学—农业机械化工程]