2016-2018年北京市东城区常住儿童常规免疫接种率调查  

Vaccination coverage survey among resident children in Dongcheng district of Beijing,2016-2018

作　　者：袁振丽 闫威[1] 张皓添 白宏伟[1] 孙昊[1] 汪静[1] YUAN Zhen-li;YAN Wei;ZHANG Hao-tian;BAI Hong-wei;SUN Hao;WANG Jing(Dongcheng District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 100009,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市东城区疾病预防控制中心,100009

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2020年第2期64-67,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市东城区常住儿童免疫规划疫苗接种情况,为提高接种率,针对存在的问题提出建议。方法采用按容量比例概率抽样方法,2016-2018年共调查630名适龄儿童的建卡、建证和免疫规划疫苗基础免疫和百白破、麻疹疫苗加强免疫接种情况。结果建证、建卡、卡证符合率均达到100%,免疫规划疫苗基础免疫接种率均达到100%,合格接种率均达到97%以上,及时接种率均达到96%以上。不合格原因主要为超期接种(11人次)和提前接种(6人次)。本地、流动儿童五苗全程免疫合格接种率分别为99.60%和97.01%,流动儿童的五苗全程免疫合格接种率低于本地儿童(χ^2=7.455,P<0.05);本地、流动儿童四苗全程免疫及时接种率分别为94.56%和91.04%,二者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论东城区常住儿童常规免疫接种率各项评价指标均达到北京市免疫预防工作规范的相应要求。今后应采取加大免疫接种知识宣传力度、加强儿童监护人对儿童疫苗接种的重视程度、提高基层工作人员素质和优化儿童预防接种信息管理系统等多种措施来提高儿童疫苗接种质量。Objective To clarify the vaccination status of national immunization program(NIP)among resident children in Dongcheng district of Beijing,and to give suggestions on solving the problems and improving the vaccination coverage rates.Methods According to the PPS sampling method,630 resident children were randomly selected and investigated for their immunization cards,immunization certificate,card-certificate matching rate and routine immunization and booster of DPT and MCV during 2016-2018.Results All children surveyed had their own immunization cards and certificates.Card-certificate matching rate was 100%.The rates of all vaccines coverage,qualified coverage and timely coverage were 100%,97%and 96%,respectively.The main reasons for unqualified vaccination were being delayed(11 doses)and vaccinated in advance(6 doses).The local and migrant children’s qualified coverage rates of basic doses for 5 vaccines(BCG,HepB,PV,DPT,MCV)were 99.60%and 97.01%respectively.The rate of migrant children was significantly lower than that of local children(χ^2=7.455,P<0.05).The rates of 4 vaccines(BCG,PV,DPT,MCV)timely coverage for local and migrant children were 94.56%and 91.04%.And there was no significant difference between locals and migrants.Conclusions The vaccination coverage rates of the NIP among resident children in Dongcheng district met the requirements of Beijing Immunization Program.Meanwhile,multiple measures should be taken to improve the quality of vaccination,such as increasing knowledge and degree of parents attention,improving quality of health care staffs and optimizing management of Child Immunization Information System.

关 键 词：疫苗 接种率 常住儿童 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]