某造船厂员工下背/腰部工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患影响因素分析  

Influencing factors of lower back/waist work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a shipyard

作　　者：张丹英[1] 聂新强[2] 贾宁[3] 徐灵灵 廖明亮[2] 苏蕾 李子晔 晏华[1] 王忠旭[3] ZHANG Danying;NIE Xinqiang;JIA Ning;XU Lingling;LIAO Mingliang;SU Lei;LI Ziye;YAN Hua;WANG Zhongxu(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]江门市新会区疾病预防控制中心,广东江门529100 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [4]广东医科大学,广东东莞523808 [5]中山大学,广东广州510275

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2020年第1期41-47,共7页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所职业健康风险评估与国家职业卫生标准制定项目(131031109000150003);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)

摘　　要：目的分析某造船厂员工工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs)的患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用方便抽样方法,选择广东某大型造船厂496名员工为研究对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查问卷》调查其过去1年中身体各部位WMSDs患病情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析常见部位WMSDs的影响因素。结果研究对象的WMSDs总患病率为70.2%(348/496)。各部位WMSDs患病率由高到低依次为:下背/腰部(43.1%)、颈部(29.4%)、肩部(29.0%)、手/腕部(25.4%)、膝部(22.4%)、臀/腿部(14.3%)、踝/足部(12.1%)、上背部(11.3%)和肘部(9.3%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,搬运重物每次>5.0 kg、以不舒服姿势工作、每天重复同样工作、下肢及足踝重复相同动作的员工罹患下背/腰部WMSDs的风险均增加(P<0.05);每天工作≤8 h或>10 h的员工罹患腰部WMSDs的风险均高于每天工作8~10 h者(P<0.05)。结论造船厂员工WMSDs患病率较高,尤以下背/腰最为常见;其影响因素主要为工作组织和不良工效学因素。Objective To determine the prevalence and influencing factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders(WMSDs)among workers in a shipyard.Methods A total of 496 workers in a large shipyard in Guangdong Province were selected as research subjects using the convenient sampling method.The Questionnaire of Musculoskeletal Disorders was used to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs in various regions of the body in the past year.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the potential influencing factors of WMSDs in the frequently affected body parts.Results The prevalence of WMSDs was 70.2%(348/496).The prevalence rates of WMSDs in different body regions were:lower back/waist(43.1%),neck(29.4%),shoulder(29.0%),hand/wrist(25.4%),knee(22.4%),hip/leg(14.3%),ankle/foot(12.1%),upper back(11.3%)and elbow(9.3%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that increased risk of lower back/waist WMSDs occurred in workers who carry heavy objects>5.0 kg,who work in uncomfortable positions,who repeatedly perform the same work every day,and who repeatedly perform the same action using the lower limbs and ankles(P<0.05).Employees working≤8 hours or more than 8 hours per day had higher risk of developing lower back/waist WMSDs compared with workers working 8-10 hours per day(P<0.05).Conclusion The prevalence of WMSDs among workers in the shipyard is high.The lower back/waist WMSD is the most common one.The influencing factors include work organization and adverse ergonomic factors.

关 键 词：工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患 腰部 造船厂 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]