农田栽参土壤改良过程中绿肥作物筛选的研究  

Study on selection of green fertilizer crops in the process of soil improvement in farmland Ginsengginseng

作　　者：梁从莲 沈亮[1] 胡鑫 王旭 徐江[1] 陈士林[1] LIANG Cong-lian;SHEN Liang;HU Xin;WANG Xu;XU Jiang;CHEN Shi-lin(Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药研究所,北京100700

出　　处：《中华中医药杂志》2020年第5期2282-2287,共6页China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(No.2017YFC1702100)。

摘　　要：目的:通过绿肥作物筛选,改良农田土壤质量,提高农田栽参的产量及质量。方法:本研究设计了7种不同的绿肥改良方案(消毒、大豆、玉米、苏子、大豆玉米间作、大豆苏子间作和玉米苏子间作),通过测定不同改良方案下农田参的农艺指标及产量,同时采用高效液相色谱法对代表总皂苷成分的7种人参皂苷含量进行测定,比较了不同绿肥方案对人参生长发育的影响。结果:苏子及与苏子混合种植的绿肥处理,对于植株地上部分性状(株高、茎粗和叶面积)较有利,而不同绿肥处理对人参存苗率无显著性影响,相比于其他处理,苏子及苏子玉米混合种植绿肥可以显著增加人参产量。在人参质量上,不同绿肥处理方案对于人参皂苷的含量影响差异无统计学意义。总体来看,苏子及与苏子混合种植绿肥的人参皂苷含量相对较高。结论:在实际生产中,选择苏子作为单个绿肥或与玉米、大豆等混合种植,可以使人参植株更加旺盛,增加人参的产量,提高人参质量。本研究优化了农田栽参的绿肥改良方案,为农田栽参的土壤改良技术提供了参考。Objective: To improve the soil quality, enhance the quality and production of farmland ginseng. Methods: This study designed the 7 kinds of different green manure improved solution(disinfect, soybeans, corn, Perilla, soybean-corn intercropping, soybean-Perilla intercropping and corn-Perilla intercropping), by measuring the agronomic index and yield of farmland ginseng under different improvement schemes, at the same time using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) method to measure 7 kinds of ginseng saponins which on behalf of the composition of total saponins. Results: It found that the Perilla and mixed with Perilla planting green manure treatment, for aerial parts of plant traits(plant height, stem diameter and leaf size) was favorable, and different green manure treatment had no significant effect on ginseng deposit rate. Compared with other treatments, the ginseng yield could be significantly increased by planting green manure in combination with Perilla and Perillacorn. In terms of ginseng quality, different green fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on the content of ginsenoside. In general, the content of ginsenoside in Perilla and green manure mixed with Perilla was relatively higher. Conclusion: In actual production, selecting Perilla as single green fertilizer or mixed with corn and soybean can make ginseng plants more vigorous, increase the yield of ginseng and improve the quality of ginseng. This study optimizes the green fertilizer improvement scheme of farmland ginseng planting, and provides reference for soil improvement technology of farmland ginseng planting.

关 键 词：农田栽参 土壤改良 绿肥 质量 产量 农艺指标 人参皂苷 苏子 

分 类 号：S156[农业科学—土壤学] S55[农业科学—农业基础科学] S567.51