经济欠发达地区城乡公交运行率提升“以量补价”机制研究  

The Quantity Compensation Mechanism to Improve the Operation Rate of Urban and Rural Road Passenger Transit in the Underdeveloped Areas

作　　者：陈文强[1] 顾玉磊 吴群琪[1] CHEN Wenqiang;GU Yulei;WU Qunqi(School of Economics and Management,Chang5an University,Xi'an 710064,China;School of Automobile,Chang'an University,Xi'an 710064,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学经济与管理学院,陕西西安710064 [2]长安大学汽车学院,陕西西安710064

出　　处：《综合运输》2020年第4期34-39,共6页China Transportation Review

基　　金：陕西省教育厅哲学社会科学重点研究基地项目(19JZ014);陕西省社会科学基金(2015D046);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目资助计划(300102238611,310823160654,300102239105)。

摘　　要：城乡公交是打破城乡客运二元格局,推进城乡交通基本公共服务均等化最有效手段之一。需求弹性理论表明,经济欠发达地区部分线路存在解决城乡公交公益性和经济性二重性矛盾的"以量补价"机制。为佐证上述分析,论文选择了4条城乡公交线路,采集公交化运行前后数据,采用OLS方法,估计线路需求弹性系数,结果显示样本线路的需求价格弹性系数依次为-3.802\-3.65\-4.262\-1.257,绝对值皆大于1。结果表明这些线路有可能在不增加政府财政投入的情况下,通过服务质量提升、运价降低来增加出行需求数量,从而提升企业收入,满足城乡公交企业的经济性要求。Urban and rural public transport is one of the most effective means to break the dual pattern of urban and rural passenger transport and promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural transport.The theory of elasticity of demand shows that some routes in less developed areas have the mechanism of"subsidizing price by quantity"to solve the contradiction between public welfare and economic nature of urban and rural public transport.To support the above analysis,the paper selected 4 urban and rural bus routes,collected data before and after the bus operation,and estimated the line demand elasticity coefficient by OLS method.The results showed that the line demand price elasticity coefficient of the sample routes was-3.802\-3.65\-4.262\-1.257 in order,with the absolute value all greater than 1.The results show that these routes may increase the number of trips by improving service quality and reducing freight rates without increasing government financial input,so as to increase the income of enterprises and meet the economic requirements of urban and rural bus enterprises.

关 键 词：城乡客运班线 公交化运行 需求弹性 以量补价机制 

分 类 号：U491.17[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]