外源氮肥、磷钾肥对棉秸秆堆腐的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizer on Cotton Straw Decomposition

作　　者：王志方 王小武 李晨华[2] 古丽努尔·艾合买提 代金平[1] 陈竞[1] 谢玉清 冯蕾[1] 杨新平[1] WANG Zhifang;WANG Xiaowu;LI Chenhua;Glnur Ahmaiti;DAI Jinping;CHEN Jing;XIE Yuqing;FENG Lei;YANG Xinping(Xinjiang Special Environmental Microbiology Laboratory/Research Institute of Applied Microbiology, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农科院微生物应用研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物实验室,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]中科院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第6期1030-1038,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201901);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201503137);国家自然科学基金(41671114)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究外源氮肥、磷钾肥对棉花秸秆腐解过程的影响,为棉秸秆肥料化、基质化利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用网袋堆制熟腐法,设置棉秸秆自然堆腐、棉秸秆添加氮肥(尿素)堆腐、棉秸秆添加磷钾肥(磷酸二氢钾)堆腐共3个处理,分别在堆腐的前期(0~7 d)、中期(7~14 d)、后期(14~21 d)、末期(21~28 d)取样,测定棉秸秆质量及纤维素、半纤维素、木质素含量,分析棉秸秆累积失重率和阶段失重率,以及3种纤维成分的累积降解率和阶段降解率。【结果】添加氮肥可提高棉秸秆累积失重率,比自然堆腐提高6.7%;添加磷钾肥后,棉花秸秆失重率比自然堆腐降低了6.3%。添加氮肥后棉秸秆的降解速率在堆腐初期与自然堆腐相比有明显下降,之后降解速率加快。自然堆腐和添加磷钾肥处理的降解速率在堆腐初期最快,中期有显著下降,之后缓慢上升。添加氮肥和磷钾肥均能提高纤维素、半纤维素和木质素的降解率。在堆腐末期,和自然堆腐相比,添加氮肥或磷钾对纤维素的累积降解率分别提高178.29%和47.82%;添加氮肥和磷钾肥对半纤维素的累积降解率基本相同,提高幅度在40.6%左右;添加氮肥和磷钾对木质素的降解率分别提高9.13%和59.6%。纤维素降解最快阶段,添加氮肥是出现在堆腐末期,磷钾肥是出现在堆腐后期,CK是出现在前期和中期。半纤维素降解最快阶段,3种处理都是在堆腐前期。木质素降解最快阶段则都出现在堆腐前期和中期。【结论】添加氮肥和磷钾肥均能促进棉秸秆堆腐的降解程度,氮肥降解程度要高于磷钾肥,氮肥对棉秸秆的降解趋势与CK和磷钾肥有不同之处。氮肥对纤维素降解的促进程度要高于磷钾肥;氮肥和磷钾肥对半纤维素降解的促进程度基本相同;磷钾肥对木质素降解的促进程度要高于氮肥,降解变化过程也不相同。【Objective】To study the effects of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizers on the decomposition of cotton straw in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the fertilization and matrix utilization of cotton straw.【Methods】The net bag decomposition method was used to set up three treatments:natural decomposition of cotton straw,decomposition of cotton straw with nitrogen fertilizer(urea),and decomposition of cotton straw with phosphorus potassium fertilizer(potassium phosphate).The samples were collected at early stage(0-7 d),middle stage(7-14 d),late stage(14-21 d),and last stage(21-28 d).The cotton straw quality and cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin content were measured.Then the cotton straw cumulative weight loss and period weight loss rate,as well as the cumulative degradation rate and period degradation rate of the three fiber components were analyzed.【Results】Adding nitrogen fertilizer could increase the cumulative weight loss rate of cotton straw,which was 6.7%higher than that of natural decomposition.After adding phosphorus potassium fertilizer,the weight loss rate of cotton straw was reduced by 6.3%compared with natural decomposition.After nitrogen fertilizer was added,the degradation rate of cotton straw decreased significantly in the early stage of decomposition compared with natural decomposition,and then the decomposition rate accelerated.The degradation rate of natural decomposition and phosphate potassium fertilizer treatment was the fastest in the early stage of decomposition,and it decreased significantly in the middle stage,and then increased slowly afterwards.Adding nitrogen and phosphorus potassium fertilizers could increase the degradation rate of cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin.At the end of decomposition,compared with natural decomposition,the cumulative degradation rate of cellulose by adding nitrogen fertilizer increased by 178.29%,and the addition of phosphorus potassium fertilizer increased by 47.82%;the cumulative degradation rate of hemicellulose by ad

关 键 词：棉秸秆 堆腐 氮肥 磷钾肥 失重率 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S141