新疆棉田硫丹防虫替代技术的筛选与评价  

Assessment and screen of alternative pest control approaches for endosulfan in Xinjiang cotton production area

作　　者：唐睿[1] 余浪 高永健 王昊杨 郑哲 卡哈尔曼·胡吉 杨涵 张金平[1] 张峰[1] 杨普云[6] 郭荣[6] TANG Rui;YU Lang;GAO Yongjian;WANG Haoyang;ZHENG Zhe;Kahaerman Huji;YANG Han;ZHANG Jinping;ZHANG Feng;YANG Puyun;GUO Rong(State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests/MARA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Xinjiang Provincial Plant Protection Centre, Urumqi 830011, China;Shawan Plant Protection Bureau, Shihezi Xinjiang 832100, China;Foreign Economic Cooperation Office, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100035, China;UNDP, Beijing 100600, China;NATESC, Beijing 100125, China)

机构地区：[1]植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室/农业农村部-CABI生物安全联合实验室/中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100081 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区植保站,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]沙湾县农业局,新疆沙湾832100 [4]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [5]联合国开发计划署,北京100600 [6]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2020年第6期1071-1080,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201908);全球环境基金中国硫丹淘汰项目(C/V/S/18/019)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选集成新疆棉区可替代硫丹的害虫防治技术方法,推动农药减量及硫丹淘汰进程。【方法】在新疆棉区,选择14种硫丹替代方法,针对二代和三代棉铃虫及兼治蚜虫进行小区试验,评价替代方法的防效、社会及生态效益,选择最优方法用于集成适合新疆的棉田害虫综合治理模型。【结果】信息素诱捕田最高日均诱蛾量(15±2.6)头,对照自防田为(22.2±8.6)头,未见显著差异;针对兼治蚜虫减退率比较,中剂量甲维盐(-70.00±27.10)%及甲维·虱螨脲(-67.32±44.51)%均显著低于硫丹对照(20.07±17.81)%;田间益虫调查显示草蛉为主要优势种,最高占比81%,实验处理对瓢虫影响最大,最高占比由48%下降至18%;测产发现氟苯虫酰胺(低剂量)及阿维·氯虫苯甲酰胺(高剂量)每667 m2收入较硫丹可分别提高161.07和157.53元;PCA及聚类分析显示硫丹加权分15,其他处理中加权超20最佳替代方法4个,加权超15优秀替代方法3个。【结论】与硫丹相比,性信息素诱捕、氯虫苯甲酰胺、棉铃虫核型多角体病毒和苏云金杆菌4种替代方法表现最佳;短稳杆菌、氟苯虫酰胺和甲维·虱螨脲3种替代方法表现与硫丹相当。以上7种替代方法可以作为制定棉区害虫综合治理的方案。【Objective】Screening integrated pest management method and technology that can replace endosulfan in Xinjiang cotton areas to promote agricultural pesticide and fertilization reduction and elimination of endosulfan.【Method】The selected 14 kinds of endosulfan replacement methods were used in the 755 acres of Xinjiang cotton area to conduct field plot trials on the second and third generation cotton bollworms and concurrently on aphids.The social and ecological benefits of the alternative methods were evaluated in order to develop integrated pest management approach for cotton field in Xinjiang.【Result】The highest daily average moth trapping rate of(15±2.6)moths in the H.armigera pheromone trapping field and(22.2±8.6)moths in the conventional field was not significantly different.For the comparison of the aphid control effects among treatments,the medium dose of emamectin benzoate(-70.00±27.10)%and emamectin benzoate/lufenuron(-67.32±44.51)%were significantly lower than that of the endosulfan control(20.07±17.81)%.The field beneficial insect survey showed that lacewing was the dominant species with the highest percentage of 81%,and the experimental treatment had the greatest impact on ladybirds,the highest percentage of which decreased from 48%to 18%.PCA and cluster analysis showed a weighted score of 15 for endosulfan,four best alternatives weighted above 20 in other treatments and three excellent alternatives weighted above 15.【Conclusion】Results showed that 4 alternatives including sex pheromone trapping,chlorantraniliprole,Helicoverpa armigera NPV,and Bacillus thuringiensis were superior to endosulfan.The other 3 methods including Empedobacter brevis,flubendiamide,and emamectin benzonate/lufenuron were excellent alternatives which are comparable to endosulfan.According to the test results and the local cotton planting situation,it is recommended to combine the above 7 alternative methods in developing cotton IPM strategies in Xinjiang cotton production area.

关 键 词：棉铃虫 硫丹 害虫综合治理 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学] S482