不同滴灌施肥次数对山药块茎形态及产量的影响  

Effects of Different Drip Fertilization Times on Tuber Shape and Yield of Yam

作　　者：宋计平 宋中喜 许念芳[1] 姚甜甜 舒锐[1] 李晓龙 李朝霞 刘少军[1] SONG Ji-ping;SONG Zhong-xi;XU Nian-fang;YAO Tian-tian;SHU Rui;LI Xiao-long;LI Zhao-xia;LIU Shao-jun(Research Institute of Light Industry and Agricultural Materials of Shandong Province,Gaomi 261500,China;Plant Protection Station of Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Changle County,Changle 262400,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省轻工农副原料研究所,山东高密261500 [2]昌乐县农业农村局植物保护站,山东昌乐262400

出　　处：《中国果菜》2020年第5期93-97,共5页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：山东省潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2019ZJ1085)。

摘　　要：针对山药灌水施肥不合理及水肥利用效率低等问题,对比了常规漫灌和滴灌,研究了不同滴灌施肥次数对大和长芋山药块茎形态及产量的影响,以期科学地对潍坊地区的山药进行水肥调控。试验以常规灌溉施肥方式(CK)为对照,设置了3个滴灌施肥次数处理T1(30次)、T2(20次)和T3(10次),在收获期测定山药块茎形态指标,统计并计算商品薯率、零余子百粒质量及产量。结果表明,滴灌施肥有利于山药块茎粗、鲜质量、商品薯率、零余子百粒质量及产量的提高。其中以20次灌水施肥的效果最佳,此处理的块茎长、块茎粗及块茎鲜质量均最高,较对照分别提高5.13 cm、11.26 mm、293.36 g,且差异显著;商品薯率、零余子百粒质量及产量均最高,分别达到86.67%、206.75 g和5564.25 kg/667 m^2,较常规漫灌分别显著提高23.33%、40.29%和92.35%。因此,潍坊地区大和长芋在整个生育期内滴灌施肥次数以20次为最佳。Aiming at the unreasonable irrigation and fertilization of yam and the low efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization,the effects of different times of drip irrigation and fertilization on the tuber shape and yield of"Dahe Changyu"yam were studied,by comparing the conventional flooding irrigation,in order to scientifically regulate the water and fertilizer of yam.Three treatments of drip fertilization T1(30 times),T2(20 times)and T3(10 times)were set in the experiment,conventional irrigation and fertilization(CK)was used as the control.In the harvest period,the morphological indexes of yam tubers were measured,and the commercial potato rate,mass of hundreds of seeds and yield were calculated.The results showed that drip fertilization was beneficial to the increase of tuber diameter,fresh mass,commercial potato rate,mass of hundreds of seeds and yield of yam.Among them,20 times of irrigation and fertilization had the best effect,the tuber length,tuber diameter and tuber fresh mass were the highest,which were 5.13 cm,11.26 mm and 293.36 g higher than the control respectively,and the difference was significant;the commercial tuber rate,mass of hundreds of seeds and yield were the highest,respectively,reaching 86.67%,206.75 g and 5564.25 kg/667 m^2,which were 23.33%,40.29%and 92.35%higher than the conventional flood irrigation.Therefore,20 times of drip fertilization was the best in the whole growth period of“Dahe Changyu”yam in Weifang area.

关 键 词：滴灌 山药 灌溉施肥次数 块茎形态 产量 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]