高寒丘陵区人工植林土壤养分天然化发育规律  

The law of soil nutrient natural development of plantation in alpine hilly area

作　　者：宋铮 余庭龙 邓磊 朱春云[1,2,3] SONG Zheng;YU Tinglong;DENG Lei;ZHU Chunyun(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Academy of Agriculture and Forestry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Plateau Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Xining 810016,China;Guinan Natural Resources Agency,Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Guinan 813100,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海高原林木遗传育种重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]青海省海南藏族自治州贵南县自然资源局,青海贵南813100

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2020年第3期18-26,33,共10页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFC0504604);青海省自然科学基金项目(2020-ZJ-945Q);青海省农林科学院创新基金项目(2017-NKY-02)。

摘　　要：为了比较不同恢复阶段人工植林演化规律,以青海省大通回族土族自治县闇门滩、塔尔沟、杨家寨3个不同恢复阶段的人工群落作为研究对象,对造林后10、20和30年的青杨、祁连圆柏、华北落叶松和青海云杉人工群落土壤氮、磷、钾、有机质进行对比分析。结果表明:(1) 4种人工群落胸径年均增长量均随林龄增大而增大,冠径比随林龄增大而降低;20年青杨树高生长量最大,其余三种人工群落树高生长量均随林龄增大而增大。(2)不同恢复阶段土壤N、P、K、有机质含量随林龄增加而增加,青海云杉和华北落叶松养分指标高于青杨和祁连圆柏群落;10年和20年的华北落叶松和祁连圆柏林人工群落土壤磷元素与土壤N∶P有显著相关性。(3)不同林龄间人工群落土壤N∶P差异显著;青杨群落土壤N∶P高于其他群落;20年青海云杉和20年以上的祁连圆柏人工群落土壤N∶P低于其他群落。研究表明,青海云杉和华北落叶松更适合该地区退耕地人工建植。土壤P影响该地区人工植林的天然化发育;土壤N∶P对人工群落的发育有一定指示作用,在高寒丘陵区人工林经营中,可在林木发育前期适当增施磷肥,促进群落天然化发育。In this paper,the soil nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter of the artificial communities of Populusc athayana,Sabina qilianensis,Larix principis rupprechtii and Picea crassifolia in 10,20 and 30 years after afforestation were compared and analyzed,and the evolution rules of the artificial forests in different recovery stages were compared in Qinghai Datong.The results showed that:(1)The average annual growth of DBH of four kinds of artificial communities increased with the increase of forest age,and the crown diameter ratio decreased with the increase of forest age;the height growth of Populus cathayana was the largest in 20 years,and the height growth of the other three kinds of artificial communities increased with the increase of forest age.(2)The contents of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and organic matter in different recovery stages increased with the increase of age,and the nutrient indexes of Picea crassifolia and Larix principis rupprechtii were higher than those of Populus cathayana and Sabina qilianensis communities;there was significant correlation between soil phosphorus and N∶P in 10a、20a of Larix principis ruphtii and Sabina qilianensis communities.(3)There were significant differences in N∶P among different forest ages;the soil N∶P of Populus was higher than other communities;the N∶P of Picea crassifolia and Sabina przewalskii over 20 years were lower than other communities.The results show that Picea crassifolia and Larix principis rupprechtii are more suitable for artificial cultivation in this area.Soil phosphorus affects the natural development of plantation in this area;soil N∶P has a certain indicative effect on the development of artificial community.In the management of artificial forest in the alpine hilly area,it can increase the application of phosphorus fertilizer in the early stage of forest development to promote the natural development of community.

关 键 词：高寒丘陵区 人工植林 不同恢复阶段 土壤养分 养分限制 天然化发育 

分 类 号：S724[农业科学—林木遗传育种]