叶尔羌河流域土地生态脆弱性差异评价  

Evaluation on the difference of land ecological vulnerability in the Yarkant River Basin

作　　者：乌宁巴特 刘新平[1] 马相平 WU Ningbart;LIU Xin-ping;MA Xiang-ping(School of Management,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学管理学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2020年第3期849-858,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区研究生创新项目(XJ2019G149);国家自然科学基金项目(71663051)资助。

摘　　要：综合评估叶尔羌河流域土地生态脆弱性,为流域重点治理、恢复绿洲生机提供决策依据和理论支持。以叶尔羌河流域作为研究区,获取2008-2018年各时期不同指标层数据,利用ArcGIS 10.5的栅格计算功能与自然间断分类法,综合计算研究区生态脆弱性指数,并将其划分为5种脆弱等级并表征其时空分布。结果表明:在空间分布上,研究区以微度、轻度脆弱区为主,面积占比分别为35.67%、33.63%,主要分布在叶尔羌河中下游冲积扇平原;中、重度脆弱区比重次之,分别占比为14.89%、12.93%,主要分布在叶尔羌河上游山地丘陵区;极度脆弱区面积占比最小,仅为2.89%,但面积亦有3 000 km^2,主要分布在叶尔羌河中下游人口密集区,对流域整体生态环境起着"木桶效应"。局部地区生态环境持续恶化,致使流域整体生态压力与生态"阈值"的平衡受到影响。在时间分布上,2008-2011年整体评价指数下降0.043 24,2010-2014年整体评价指数下降0.005 41,2014-2018年整体评价指数下降0.056 86。虽然各时期土地生态脆弱指数不同程度降低,流域整体生态环境呈改善趋势,但中、重、极度脆弱区依旧分布广泛,亟需研究其分布规律,针对不同脆弱区提出具体调控对策。A comprehensive evaluation of the characteristics of land ecological fragility in the Yarkant River Basin,Xinjiang,China provides a decision-making basis and theoretical support for river basin key management and the restoration of oasis vitality.In this study,the Yarkant River Basin is the research area.By obtaining the relevant data of different index layers in each period from 2008 to 2018,we used the grid computing function of ArcGIS 10.5 and the natural discontinuous classification method to comprehensively calculate the ecological vulnerability index of the study area.We divided the vulnerability into five levels and presented its spatiotemporal distribution.Results show that in the spatial distribution,the study area is dominated by micro and lightly vulnerable areas,with an area ratio of 35.67%and 33.63%,respectively,distributed in the alluvial fan plain in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River.The proportion of moderately and severely vulnerable areas was secondary,accounting for 14.89%and 12.93%,respectively,distributed in the hilly areas of the upper reaches of the Yarkant River.Although the proportion of extremely vulnerable areas is only 2.89%,which is 3000 km 2,distributed in densely populated areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yarkant River,it plays a role of the cask effect on the overall ecological environment of the basin.The local ecological environment continues to deteriorate,resulting in a balance between the overall ecological pressure of the basin and the ecological threshold.Regarding the time distribution,the overall evaluation index decreased by 0.04324 from 2008 to 2011,and the overall evaluation index decreased by 0.00541 from 2001 to 2014.The overall evaluation index decreased by 0.05686 from 2014 to 2018.Although the ecological vulnerability index of each period decreased to varying degrees,the overall ecological environment of the basin improved.However,the moderately,heavily,and extremely vulnerable areas are still widely distributed.Based on the representati

关 键 词：土地生态脆弱性 SRP模型 叶尔羌河流域 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]