热解温度和时间对香蒲生物炭性质的影响及生态风险评估  

Effect of Pyrolytic Temperature and Time on Characteristics of Typha angustifolia Derived Biochar and Preliminary Assessment of the Ecological Risk

作　　者：蔡朝卉 楚沉静 郑浩[1,2] 罗先香 李锋民[1,2] CAI Zhao-hui;CHU Chen-jing;ZHENG Hao;LUO Xian-xiang;LI Feng-min(Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control,Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science,Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学近海环境污染控制研究所,海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,青岛266237

出　　处：《环境科学》2020年第6期2963-2971,共9页Environmental Science

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划(重大科技创新工程)项目(2018CXGC0304);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2019MD017)。

摘　　要：以典型湿地挺水植物香蒲(Typha angustifolia)为原料,采用慢速限氧热解法在200~500℃下分别热解2 h和6 h制备香蒲生物炭(TBCs),探究热解温度和热解时间对TBCs基本性质的影响,同时以微生物大肠杆菌HB101(E.coli HB101)和农作物油葵(Helianthus annuus)种子为受试生物,初步评估了其生态风险.结果表明,热解时间2 h和6 h对TBCs的性质无明显影响,而热解温度显著影响TBCs的性质.随热解温度的升高,TBCs产率降低;碳(C)和灰分含量增加,氢(H)和氧(O)含量逐渐降低;pH显著增加;表面孔隙结构增加;含氧官能团减少,芳香化程度增加;养分元素总磷(TP)和钾(K)含量显著增加.TBCs中溶解性有机质(DOM)的主要组分为腐殖酸类物质和富里酸类物质,随热解温度升高,腐殖酸类物质含量降低,富里酸类物质含量升高.所有TBCs对E.coli HB101生长和油葵种子萌发无显著影响,表明实验条件下TBCs无潜在生态风险.本研究为湿地废弃生物质资源化利用提供了一种新途径,同时也为筛选适用于贫瘠土壤改良的BC改良剂提供了重要的理论依据.A batch of biochar was produced from pyrolysis of Typha angustifolia(TBCs)at 200-500℃for 2 h and 6 h to investigate the effects of pyrolytic temperature and heating retention time on the physico-chemical properties.Moreover,Escherichia coli(E.coli)HB101 and the seeds of Helianthus annuus were used to preliminarily test the ecological risk of the TBCs.Results showed that the heating retention time(i.e.,2 and 6 h)had no significant effect on the properties of TBCs,while pyrolytic temperature significantly affected TBCs’characteristics.As the pyrolysis temperature increased from 200 to 500℃,the mass yield and contents of hydrogen(H)and oxygen(O)decreased,while the contents of carbon(C)and ash increased.The pH and surface pores also increased with increasing pyrolytic temperature,whereas the O-containing functional group(e.g.,—COOH and—OH)decreased.These results indicated the increased carbonization and aromatization of the TBCs.For the inherent nutrients of TBCs,the total phosphorus(TP)and available potassium(K)contents significantly increased as temperature increased.The main components of dissolved organic matter(DOM)of TBCs were humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like organic compounds.As the pyrolysis temperature increased,the content of humic acid-like organic compounds decreased,while the content of fulvic acid-like organic compounds increased.All the TBCs had no significant effect on the growth of E.coli HB101 and the seed germination of Helianthus annuus,indicating the little ecological risk of TBCs under the experimental conditions.These findings provide an alternative way for resource utilization of waste wetland biomass and provide important theoretical data for screening biochar in soil reclamation.

关 键 词：湿地植物 生物炭(BC) 热解 表面含氧官能团 溶解性有机质(DOM) 生态风险 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]