超亲水-超疏油油水分离材料的研究进展  

Progress of Superhydrophilic-Superoleophobic Materials for Oil-Water Separation

作　　者：高丰 王会才[2] 徐征 任瑞丽 GAO Feng;WANG Huicai;XU Zheng;REN Ruili(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Tiangong University,Tianjin 300387,China)

机构地区：[1]天津工业大学环境科学与工程学院,天津300387 [2]天津工业大学化学与化学工程学院,天津300387

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第13期13022-13027,共6页Materials Reports

摘　　要：由于工业的快速发展及远洋石油泄漏事故的频繁发生,含油废水的处理成为当今一大热点问题。因此,迫切需要研究出一种高效、低成本、可重复使用的高性能油水分离材料。近年来,受荷叶自洁性、鱼鳞水下超抗油污、玫瑰花超疏水性等的启发,人们开发了大量的超亲油-超疏水型及超亲水-水下超疏油型油水分离材料,但这些材料还存在以下缺点:(1)由于材料的亲油性,其孔道易被油污堵塞,分离效率会大幅降低;(2)水的密度一般比油大,进行油水分离时,通常需要外加能量。随后,学者通过对材料表面化学成分及表面粗糙结构进行深入研究,开发出一种更先进的超亲水-超疏油材料,其具有隔油透水性,在处理含油废水时呈现出防油污、高通量、高效率、可重复使用的优点;此外,由于其具有亲水性,仅在重力作用下即可完成油水分离,具有重要的实际应用意义。根据表面能原理可知,超疏油表面往往也超疏水,因此要合成超亲水-超疏油材料十分困难。早期研究者认为有以下三种理论可以解释超亲水-超疏油表面形成的原因:(1)超亲水-超疏油表面是由极性液体与非极性液体在表面的润湿性差异实现;(2)水的作用力诱导表面分子重排;(3)油滴较大被表面疏油组分阻挡,水滴较小可穿透疏油层到达亲水区域。这三种理论的提出加快了超亲水-超疏油表面的研究进程,但并未形成系统的理论体系。近年来,研究者发现材料表面能由极性分量与色散分量组成,因此他们提出可以通过控制这两种因素来调控材料表面的润湿性。该系统理论的提出加速了超亲水-超疏油材料的发展,为未来该类材料的发展与设计提供了理论依据。本文首先介绍了超润湿的基础理论、油水分离机理,然后综述了超亲水-超疏油材料制备的四种理论,总结了近几年超亲水-超疏油材料的特点及在油水分离方面Due to the rapid development of industry and the frequent occurrence of ocean oil spill accidents,the treatment of oily waste water is a hot issue today.Therefore,there is an urgent need to prepare an efficient,low-cost,reusable high-performance oil-water separation materials.Recently,inspired by the self-cleaning of lotus leaf,super-oil-resistance of fish scales,superhydrophobic of roses,researchers have developed a large number of superoleophilic-superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic-underwater superoleophobic oil-water separation materials.However,these materials have the following disadvantages:(ⅰ)due to the lipophilic nature of the material,the material pores are easily blocked by oil pollution,and the separation efficiency decreases rapidly;(ⅱ)the density of water is generally larger than that of oil,and additional energy is required for oil-water separation.Subsequently,through the in-depth study on the chemical composition and rough structure of the material surface,scholars developed a more advanced superhydrophilic-superoleophobic material,which has the advantages of anti-oil pollution,high flux,high efficiency and reusable in the treatment of oily wastewater.In addition,because of its hydrophilicity,oil-water separation can be completed only under the action of gravity,which has important practical significance.According to the surface energy principle,superoleophobic surfaces are often superhydrophobic,so it is difficult to synthesize superhydrophilic-superoleophobic materials.Early researchers thought that there were three theories to explain the formation of superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic surfaces:(ⅰ)the superhydrophilic-superhydrophobic surface is realized by the difference of surface wetting between polar and non-polar liquids;(ⅱ)the induction of water force surface molecular rearrangement;(ⅲ)it is considered that the oil droplets are largely blocked by the surface oleophobic component,and the smaller water droplets can penetrate the oleophobic layer to reach the hydrophilic region.Th

关 键 词：油水分离 超疏油 超亲水 油水混合物 

分 类 号：O648[理学—物理化学]