睡眠限制下人的警觉性和瞳孔直径的昼夜节律特征  

Diurnal Rhythm of Vigilance and Pupil Diameter under Sleep Restriction Conditions

作　　者：于洪强[1] 陈晓萍[1] 王春慧[1] 蒋婷[1] 田雨[1] YU Hongqiang;CHEN Xiaoping;WANG Chunhui;JIANG Ting;TIAN Yu(National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering,China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心人因工程重点实验室,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2020年第3期291-296,共6页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天预先研究项目(020201,030602);装备预研重点实验室基金(6142222180305);人因工程重点实验室自主课题(SYFD180051802,SYFD160051801)。

摘　　要：受多种应激源的影响,航天员在轨执行任务时会出现睡眠不足进而影响其警觉性的情况。为了掌握睡眠限制后人的警觉度在一天中的变化特征,对睡眠不足条件下基于视觉刺激的警觉性和瞳孔直径变化进行研究。8名志愿者参与实验,使用心理运动警觉性测试(PVT测试)和眼动仪分别测量其警觉性和瞳孔直径。实验前3天每天限制睡眠5 h,在上午、中午、下午、晚上和深夜5个时间点测试;实验后2天恢复每天8 h睡眠,在上午、下午和晚上3个时间点测试。结果表明:相对于正常睡眠条件,睡眠限制条件下警觉反应时显著上升(P=0.001),瞳孔直径显著变小(P=0.003);在睡眠限制条件下,警觉反应时和瞳孔直径的节律波动特征更明显,从上午到晚上,警觉反应时呈降低趋势、瞳孔直径呈增大趋势;5天实验数据显示,警觉反应时和瞳孔直径的波动趋势有一定的关联性(r=-0.408,P=0.066)。研究结果可为航天员的警觉性监测和在轨飞行作业任务安排提供参考。Under the influence of various stressors,astronauts may have insufficient sleep when they are on orbit,which may affect their vigilance.To reveal the change characteristics of vigilance in a day after sleep restriction,an experiment was conducted in which the sleep duration of the eight participants was controlled and the vigilant reaction time and the pupil diameter at different times of the day were measured.The participants were limited to five hours sleep per day in the first three days in the experiment,and tests were conducted at five time points every day i.e.in the morning,at noon,in the afternoon,in the evening and late at night.Then they recovered to eight hours sleep per day in the last two days of the experiment,and tests were conducted at three time points every day i.e.in the morning,in the afternoon and in the evening.The results showed that,as compared with the normal sleep condition,the vigilance reaction time increased significantly and the pupil diameter decreased significantly under sleep restriction(P=0.001,P=0.003).Under the condition of sleep restriction,the rhythmic fluctuation characteristics of vigilance reaction time and pupil diameter were more obvious.From morning to night,the vigilance reaction time decreased and the pupil diameter increased.The five-day experiment data showed that there was a correlation between the vigilance reaction time and the pupil diameter(r=-0.408,P=0.066).The results can provide reference for the vigilance monitoring and task arrangement of astronauts in spaceflight.

关 键 词：睡眠限制 警觉性 瞳孔直径 昼夜节律 

分 类 号：V527[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]