4个油茶品种的果实生长动态及经济性状比较  

Comparison of fruit growth dynamics and economic characteristics of four Camellia oleifera clones

作　　者：陆思羽 胡冬南[1] 郭晓敏[1] 刘小平 易世平 涂淑萍[1] 喻苏琴 LU Siyu;HU Dongnan;GUO Xiaomin;LIU Xiaoping;YI Shiping;TU Shuping;YU Suqin(College of Forestry,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Jiangxi Xinghuo Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology Development Co.,Ltd.,Yichun 336000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学林学院,江西南昌330045 [2]江西星火农林科技发展有限公司,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第2期46-52,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560218);江西省重点研发计划项目(20161BBF60080)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解江西省油茶常见栽培品种的果实生长和经济性状差异,为油茶生产中品种的选择和良种推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】以’赣无1’’赣永5’’长林4’和’长林40’4个品种的7年生植株为试验材料,于2016-2017年在江西省宜春市袁州区油茶基地开展田间试验,跟踪调查果实生长动态,测定产量、含油率等主要经济性状指标。【结果】4个油茶品种的果实生长规律有相似之处,也存在一定的差异。’长林40’无明显的快速生长期,而其他3个品种在7月下旬-8月下旬增长最快。’长林4’的果形指数先降后升,其他3个品种基本持续增大。到果实成熟时,’长林4’果实最大,而’赣永5’果形最不同。4个品种在单果鲜质量、鲜果出干籽率、鲜果含油率、单株产量和产油量上有显著差异,而在单株结果数、干籽出干仁率和种仁含油率上无显著差异。对10个果实指标进行主成分分析,获得3个主成分因子。其中,产量最高的是’长林4’,鲜果含油率最高的是’赣无1’,干籽出仁率最高的是’长林4’,按照综合得分由高到低排序依次为’长林4’’长林40’’赣无1’’赣永5’。【结论】4个油茶品种的果实生长规律和果形指数变化趋势存在一定的差异,’长林4’综合经济性状最优,’赣永5’最差。【Objective】To learn about some differences of fruit growth and economic characteristics among common cultivars of Camellia oleifera in Jiangxi province,and to provide some references for cultivar selection and promotion&application of improved varieties in C.oleifera production.【Method】Some seven-year-old plants of‘Ganwu 1’‘Ganyong 5’‘Changlin 4’and‘Changlin 40’were used as test materials.Some field experiments were carried out from 2016 to 2017 in a C.oleifera base of Yuanzhou district,Yichun city,Jiangxi province.Growth trends of fruits were investigated,and some main economic indexes were determined,such as yield and oil content.【Result】Fruit growth rhythms of four clones of C.oleifera are similar,but have also some differences.‘Changlin 40’has no obvious rapid growth period,while other three clones have the fastest grow rates from late July to late August.Fruit shape index of‘Changlin 4’is decreased at first and then increased,while that of other three clones basically continue rising.Mature fruit of‘Changlin 4’is the largest,and that of‘Ganyong 5’has the most special shape.Fresh mass of single fruit,dry seed rate in fresh fruit,oil content in fresh fruit,fruit yield per plant and oil yield per plant have significant differences among four clones,but fruit number per plant,dry kernel rate in dry seed and oil content in kernel have no significant differences.Through principal component analysis on ten fruit indexes,three principal component factors are obtained.Among which,‘Changlin 4’has the highest yield and kernel rate in dry seed,and‘Gan wu 1’has the highest oil content in fresh fruit.Base on overall score from high to low,order of four clones is‘Changlin 4’‘Changlin 40’‘Ganwu 1’‘Ganyong 5’.【Conclusion】Fruit growth rhythm and changing trend of fruit shape index have some differences among four clones.Economic characteristics of‘Changlin 4’are the best,and those of‘Ganyong 5’are the worst.

关 键 词：油茶 品种 果实生长 经济性状 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S601[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4