修剪冠形对油茶穗条生长和质量的影响  

Effects of different pruned crown shapes in Camellia oleifera on growth and quality of scions

作　　者：曹丽仙 曾建亮 刘书彤 喻雄 古龙 李建安[1,2,3,4] CAO Lixian;ZENG Jianliang;LIU Shutong;YU Xiong;GU Long;LI Jian’an(Engineering Technology Research Center of Southern Hilly and Mountainous Ecological Non-Wood Forest Industry of Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;The Key Lab of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Education Ministry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;2011 Cooperative Innovation Center of Cultivation and Utilization for Non-Wood Forest Trees of Hunan Province,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;The Key Lab of Non-Wood Forest Products of State Forestry Administration,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学湖南省南方丘陵山地生态经济林产业工程技术研究中心,湖南长沙41000 [2]中南林业科技大学经济林培育与保护省部共建教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙41000 [3]经济林培育与利用湖南省2011协同创新中心,湖南长沙41000 [4]中南林业科技大学经济林育种与栽培国家林业局重点实验室,湖南长沙410004

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第2期77-83,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：湖南省科技重大专项“油茶全产业链提质增效关键技术研究与示范”(2018NK1030);中央财政林业科技推广项目“油茶幼林高效生态经营技术示范推广”(〔2018〕XT06)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同冠形对油茶穗条生长的影响,筛选出油茶采穗圃的最适修剪冠形,为提高穗条产量和质量、营建优质高效油茶采穗圃提供参考依据。【方法】以8年生油茶品种’铁城一号’为试验材料,以不修剪的树体为对照,研究平头形、圆头形、圆锥形3种冠形的修剪处理对油茶穗条生长及质量的影响。【结果】与对照相比,圆锥形树冠可以显著提高油茶穗条产量,平均单株穗条数和单位冠幅面积穗条产量分别提高了25.6%和37.3%,圆头形树冠穗条产量较对照有一定提高,但效果不显著,平头形树冠对提高穗条产量没有作用。与对照相比,圆头形树冠可以显著提高油茶穗条质量,其穗条长度和单穗条有效芽数分别提高了31.4%和22.6%,穗条直径、单穗条总芽数和单株有效芽数出现不同幅度增加,节间距更为合理,穗芽利用率更高。平头形树冠对提高油茶穗条质量有一定的作用,但效果并不显著。圆锥形冠形对提高穗条质量没有作用。不同冠形的油茶树冠不同位置穗条的生长状况存在差异。圆头形和平头形树冠外围穗条数量显著多于内围,与对照一致,且外围穗条数量比对照显著提高63.7%和58.7%。圆锥形树冠内围穗条数量多于外围,与对照相反,内围的穗条数量比对照显著增加77.2%,外围穗条数量较对照有所减少。油茶穗条长度、穗条直径、单穗条总芽数和单穗条有效芽数各指标间互为极显著正相关关系,节间距与穗条长度存在极显著正相关关系。【结论】在平头形、圆头形、圆锥形3种油茶修剪冠形中,圆头形是’铁城一号’油茶采穗圃较为理想的采穗冠形。【Objective】To study effects of different crown shapes on scion growing in Camellia oleifera,to select superior crown shapes in C.oleifera,and to provide some references for improving yield and quality of scions and constructing high-quality and efficient C.oleifera cutting orchard.【Method】Eight-year-old‘Tiecheng No.1’cultivar in C.oleifera was used as test object.Effects of three pruned crown shapes on growth and quality of scions in C.oleifera were researched by using natural crown as the control,concluding flat-shaped,dome-shaped and conical-shaped crowns.【Result】Compared with the control,conical-shaped crown can improve scion yield,scion number per plant and scion yields per unit crown area are improved by 25.6%and 37.3%,respectively.Scion yield of dome-shaped crown is increased compared with the control,but effect is not significant,and flat-shaped crown has no effect on increasing scion yield.Compared with the control,dome-shaped crown can significantly improve scion quality,and scion length and effective bud number per scion are improved by 31.4%and 22.6%,scion diameter,total bud number per scion and effective bud number per plant are increased at different degrees,inter-node distance is more reasonable,and bud utilization rate is higher.Flatshaped crown has some effects on improving scion quality,but it’s not significant.Conical-shaped crown has no effect on improving scion quality.There are some differences in growth status of scions in different parts of C.oleifera tree body with different crown shapes.Scion number outside of dome-shaped and flat-shaped crowns is significantly more than that inner crowns,it is the same as the control,and scion number of outside of crown is significantly increased by 63.7%and 58.7%compared with the control.As opposed to the control,scion number of inner conical-shaped crown is more than outside of crown,and scion number inner crown is significantly increased by 77.2%and scion number outside of crown is decreased,compared with the control.There are very s

关 键 词：油茶 采穗圃 修剪 穗条 嫁接 

分 类 号：S625.57[农业科学—园艺学] S794.4