引入伊犁河谷的8个苹果品种抗寒性评价  

Evaluation on cold resistance in eight apple varieties introduced into Yili valley

作　　者：石游 陈淑英 刁永强 吴松梅 SHI You;CHEN Shuying;DIAO Yongqiang;WU Songmei(Yili Kazak Automous Prefecture Academy of Forestry,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China;Yili Experimental Station of China Apple Research System,Yining 835000,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁哈萨克自治州林业科学研究院,新疆伊宁835000 [2]国家苹果产业技术体系伊犁综合试验站,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第2期147-153,共7页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展补助资金项目(林业科技专项)“苹果新品种引进筛选”(2017E01021);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-28)。

摘　　要：【目的】为给适宜于伊犁河谷栽培的抗寒苹果品种的筛选提供理论依据。【方法】以引入伊犁河谷的8个苹果新品种1年生休眠枝条为试材,对其进行不同低温处理,处理温度分别设为-16、-20、-24、-28、-32、-36、-40℃,测定其在室温条件下的电解质渗出率,配合Logistic方程计算枝条的半致死温度(LT50),并结合冻害分级、恢复生长试验和田间冻害调查,对不同苹果品种的抗寒性进行了综合评价。【结果】参试各品种的电解质渗出率随温度的降低而不断增大,其电解质渗出率从大到小依次为:秦脆>西施红>彩虹一号>塘木田>红富士(CK)>晋十八短枝红富士>瑞阳>美味>瑞雪。根据其半致死温度(LT50)来评价,各苹果品种的抗寒能力从强到弱依次为:秦脆>西施红>彩虹一号>塘木田>红富士(CK)>晋十八短枝红富士>美味>瑞阳>瑞雪。冻害综合评级及恢复生长试验与田间冻害调查的结果一致:即秦脆、彩虹一号、西施红的抗寒能力均较强,塘木田、晋十八短枝红富士、红富士(CK)的抗寒能力次之,美味、瑞阳、瑞雪的抗寒能力均相对较差。【结论】5种试验方法相互印证,可以综合评价不同苹果品种的抗寒性。各参试品种抗寒性的强弱顺序为:秦脆>西施红>彩虹一号>塘木田>晋十八短枝红富士>红富士(CK)>美味>瑞阳>瑞雪。引进的8个品种中,秦脆、彩虹一号、西施红都有较大的应用潜力,均可作为抗寒苹果品种在伊犁河谷进行生产应用。【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for selecting some cold-resistant apple varieties suitable for culturing in Yili valley.【Method】One-year-old dormant branches in eight new apple varieties introduced into Yili valley were used as test materials.Branches were treated at different low temperatures,concluding-16,-20,-24,-28,-32,-36 and-40℃,their electrolyte exudation rates at room temperature were determined,and then semi-lethal temperatures(LT50)of branches were calculated with Logistic equation.Combined with freezing damage grading,growth recovery test and field freezing damage investigation,cold resistances of different apple varieties were comprehensively evaluated.【Result】Electrolyte exudation rate of each tested variety are increased with decrease of temperature,and based on electrolyte exudation rate from high to low,order of varieties is Qincui,Xishihong,Caihong No.1,Tangmutian,Red Fuji(CK),Jin 18 Short Branch Red Fuji,Ruiyang,Meiwei,Ruixue.Based on cold resistance evaluated with LT50 from strong to weak,order of apple varieties is Qincui,Xishihong,Caihong No.1,Tangmutian,Red Fuji(CK),Jin 18 Short Branch Red Fuji,Meiwei,Ruiyang,Ruixue.Results of comprehensive grading of freezing injury and growth recovery test are consistent with field investigation results.That is,cold-resistant abilities of Qincui,Caihong No.1 and Xishihong are stronger,those of Tangmutian,Jin 18 Short Branch Red Fuji and Red Fuji(CK)are the second,and Meiwei,Ruiyang and Ruixue has worse cold resistance.【Conclusion】Five test methods confirm each other,and cold resistances of different apple varieties can be comprehensively evaluated.Based on cold resistance from strong to weak,order of tested varieties is Qincui,Xishihong,Caihong No.1,Tangmutian,Jin 18 Short Branch Red Fuji,Red Fuji(CK),Meiwei,Ruiyang,Ruixue.In introduced eight varieties,Qincui,Caihong No.1 and Xishihong have greater application potential and can be applied in Yili valley.

关 键 词：苹果 抗寒性 电解质渗出率 半致死温度 恢复生长 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]