南极罗斯海海洋保护区的建立——兼论全球公域治理中的集体行动困境及其克服  

The Establishment of the Marine Protected Area in Antarctica’s Ross Sea——on the Dilemma of Collective Action in the Governance of Global Commons and Its Solutions

作　　者：潘敏 徐理灵 LI Jiaxin(Translator) PAN Min;XU Liling;LI Jiaxin(Translator)(Centre for Polar and Oceanic Studies,School of Political Science and International Relations,Tong Ji University;Department of Geography,Royal Holloway,University of London;不详)

机构地区：[1]同济大学政治与国际关系学院极地与海洋国际问题研究中心 [2]伦敦大学皇家霍洛威学院地理系 [3]不详

出　　处：《中华海洋法学评论》2020年第1期1-40,共40页China Oceans Law Review

基　　金：教育部国别和区域研究备案中心课题“南极治理体系有效性分析及其发展趋势研究”;国家留学基金委“国际区域问题研究及外语高层次人才培养项目”(留金欧【2019】208号)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：全球公域治理是国际社会在21世纪乃至未来更长一段时间内面临的一项重要议题。由于全球公域的公共物品属性和国家追求自身利益最大化的倾向,国际社会在全球公域治理的合作中容易陷入集体行动困境,解决该困境成为实现公平、有效治理全球公域的关键。本文将运用集体行动理论来分析南极罗斯海海洋保护区的建立过程,并以新自由制度主义为视角来探究罗斯海海洋保护区制度体系在克服集体行动困境中所发挥的作用。罗斯海海洋保护区制度体系提供选择性激励机制来协调国家间的利益分歧、并通过制度的自身完善来夯实该集体行动的合法性基础,这是克服该集体行动困境的关键。罗斯海海洋保护区是国家间首次在保护大范围公海方面所开展的合作,探究该集体行动困境的产生原因与解决方法将给其他全球公域的治理带来重要的借鉴意义。The governance of global commons is and will be a hot issue faced by the international community in the 21 st century and possibly beyond.It is not easy for the international community to cooperate effectively in a collective action due to the attributes of global commons as public goods and the tendency of States to maximize their own interests.How to resolve the dilemmas which occur in the collective action is crucial for securing a just and effective governance of global commons.This paper applies the theory of collective action to the process of establishing the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area in Antarctica and analyses the roles of the institutional system of the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area in resolving the dilemma of collective action from the perspective of Neoliberal Institutionalism.The institutional system of the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area holds the key to resolving the dilemma for it could harmonize the conflicting interests among States through selective incentives and strengthen the legal basis of the collective action through self-improvement.It is the first time that States have worked together to protect the high seas on such a large scale.Therefore,it is of vital importance to analyze the reasons and solutions for any dilemma which occurred in the collective action to establish the Ross Sea region Marine ProtectedArea for it will shed some light on the governance of other global commons.

关 键 词：全球公域治理 南极罗斯海海洋保护区 集体行动 国际制度 

分 类 号：D993.5[政治法律—国际法学] P74[政治法律—法学]