长期施肥对土壤氨氧化微生物的影响  

Effects of long-term fertilization on soil ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms

作　　者：刘灵芝[1] 马诗涵 李秀玲[1] 安婷婷[1] 汪景宽[1] LIU Ling-zhi;MA Shi-han;LI Xiu-ling;AN Ting-ting;WANG Jing-kuan(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources/Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation in Northeast China,College of Land and Environment,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室/农业部东北耕地保育重点实验室,沈阳110866

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2020年第5期1459-1466,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目(LSNZD201705);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2019-MS-271);国家自然科学基金项目(31101504)资助。

摘　　要：长期施肥可改变土壤碳氮等养分供应,进而影响微生物数量与群落组成。本研究基于棕壤长期定位实验站,分析不同施肥方式下(不施肥,CK;低量无机氮肥,N2;高量无机氮肥,N4;有机无机氮肥配施,M2N2)土壤氨氧化古菌(AOA)和细菌(AOB)的变化,为土壤氮素转化的微生物学机制和培肥土壤提供依据。结果表明:不同施肥方式下,土壤AOA与AOB的数量比值为2.28~61.95。与CK相比,施肥后土壤AOA数量降低了1.6%~13.6%。N4处理AOB数量随土壤深度增加呈先降低后升高的趋势,其他处理则相反。土壤AOB群落Shannon多样性指数、均匀度指数和Simpson指数均高于AOA。M2N2处理0~20 cm土层土壤AOB多样性增加,但AOA多样性降低。土壤AOB主要因土壤深度发生聚类,AOB和AOA均未因施肥方式发生聚类。综上,长期施肥改变了土壤AOA和AOB的构成状况,AOA对环境变化较为敏感,AOB较为丰富和稳定。Long-term fertilization can change the supply of soil carbon and nitrogen(N), with consequences on the abundance and community structure of soil microorganisms. Based on the long-term fertilization positioning experiment station of brown earth, we analyzed the dynamics of soil ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB) under different fertilization treatments, including no fertilization(CK), low level of inorganic N fertilizer(N2), high level of inorganic N fertilizer(N4), and organic manure combined with inorganic N fertilizer(M2N2), aiming to provide a basis for microbiological mechanism of soil N transformation and improvement of soil fertility. The results showed that the ratio of AOA to AOB abundance was 2.28-61.95 under different fertilization treatments. Compared with that in CK, the AOA abundance was reduced by 1.6%-13.6% after long-term fertilization. The abundance of AOB in N4 treatment decreased first and then increased with soil depths, but with contrary results in other treatments. The Shannon diversity index(H), evenness index(J), and Simpson index(S) of AOB were higher than those of AOA. The AOB diversity was increased at 0-20 cm soil layer in M2N2 treatment, while that of AOA was decreased. Soil AOB clustered with soil depths, and neither AOA nor AOB community clustered with fertilization treatments. In summary, long-term fertilization altered the composition of AOA and AOB. AOA was sensitive to environment, whereas AOB was more abundant and stable.

关 键 词：氨氧化古菌 氨氧化细菌 长期施肥 多样性 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]