安徽省定远县农田土壤耕层主要属性特征分析  

Study on Characteristics of Soil Main Indexes of Topsoils in Dingyuan County,Anhui Province

作　　者：张兆冬 王莉莉 王永露 ZHANG Zhao-dong;WANG Li-li;WANG Yong-lu(Soil and Fertilizer Station of Dingyuan County,Dingyuan,Anhui 233200)

机构地区：[1]安徽省定远县农业技术推广中心,安徽滁州233200

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2020年第12期158-160,179,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中央财政农业资源及生态保护补助资金项目(Z145070020001)。

摘　　要：[目的]揭示安徽省定远县农田耕层基本属性的空间分布特征,进一步服务于定远县农田的科学施肥和保障农田土壤的可持续性。[方法]基于2014—2018年采样测定获取的定远县460个典型农田耕层土壤pH、有机质、有效磷和速效钾信息,利用IBM Statistics SPSS 20.0、ArcGIS 10.2和普通克里格插值方法研究其空间分布特征。[结果]定远县耕层pH介于4.0~8.2,平均为5.7;有机质介于4.7~41.0 g/kg,平均为20.6 g/kg;有效磷介于2.0~49.8 mg/kg,平均为16.4 mg/kg;速效钾介于51.1~333.0 mg/kg,平均为156.7 mg/kg;4个指标的变异系数介于13.04%~57.85%,均属中等变异强度。78.7%的农田样点为酸性或微酸性,有机质基本集中在3~4级水平,有效磷处于2~4级水平,但3级水平最大,速效钾样点分布在1~4级水平,其中近70%集中在2~3级水平。pH较高的区域集中在西部以及小部分的南部区域,东部普遍偏低;有机质整体上没有明显的空间变化规律,但最低值同样出现在东部;有效磷在西部有块状高值,总体上没有明显空间分布规律;速效钾低值区主要分布在西部和中部。与2008年相比,定远县农田耕层土壤有机质、有效磷和速效钾均呈现提升趋势,分别升高16.4%、21.5%和36.3%。[结论]定远县农田耕层土壤总体上偏酸,养分含量中等-丰富,空间变异中等,呈现升高趋势,需因地制宜施肥。[Objective]To disclose the spatial distribution characteristics of basic soil properties in Dingyuan County of Anhui Province in order to instruct the scientific fertilization and guarantee the suitability of farmland soil.[Method]Data of soil basic properties including pH,organic matter,available phosphors and potassium was from 460 farmland topsoil samples collected in 2014-2018,IBM Statistics SPSS 20.0,ArcGIS 10.2 software and Ordinary Kriging Interpolation method were used.[Result]pH ranged from 4.0 to 8.2 with a mean of 5.7,organic matter ranged from 4.7 to 41.0 g/kg with a mean of 20.6 g/kg,available phosphorus ranged from 2.0 to 49.8 mg/kg with a mean of 16.4 mg/kg,and rapidly available potassium ranged from 51.1 to 333.0 mg/kg with a mean of 156.61 mg/kg.The variation coefficients of the above four indexes ranged from 13.04%to 57.85%,indicating the level of moderate variation.78.7%of samples were in the levels of acid or slightly acid.Organic matter was primarily concentrated in the 3rd and 4th levels,available phosphorus was in the 2nd,3rd and 4th levels,with the most in the 3rd level.Rapidly available potassium was in the 1st,2nd,3rd and 4th levels,about 70%of samples were in the 2nd and 3rd levels.High pH was mainly in the west region but lower in the east region.Organic matter and available phosphorus showed no obvious spatial distribution but organic matter was general lower in the east region.Rapidly available potassium was generally lower in the east and central regions.Compared with the data of 2008,organic matter,available phosphorus and rapidly available potassium of topsoils in Dingyuan County increased by 16.4%,21.48%and 36.26%,respectively.[Conclusion]In general,the soils in Dingyuan County are acidic,nutrient contents are at middle-rich levels and with middle spatial variation,fertilization should be according to local conditions.

关 键 词：农田耕层 PH 有机质 有效磷 速效钾 定远 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]