西南地区干旱河谷分布范围及分区统计分析  

Distribution Scope and District Statistical Analysis of Dry Valleys in Southwest China

作　　者：范建容[1] 杨超[1,2] 包维楷 刘佳丽[1,2] 李炫 FAN Jianrong;YANG Chao;BAO Weikai;LIU Jiali;LI Xuan(Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China;University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China;Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, Chengdu 610041, China;The Third Geoinformation Mapping Institute of Ministry of Natural Resource, Chengdu 610100, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都610041 [2]中国科学院大学,北京1000493 [3]中国科学院成都生物研究所,四川成都610041 [4]自然资源部第三地理信息制图院,四川成都610100

出　　处：《山地学报》2020年第2期303-313,共11页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFC0505104);国家测绘地理信息局地理国情监测重点实验室2017年开放基金项目(2017NGCM02)。

摘　　要：干旱河谷是我国西南地区复杂地形和气候条件综合作用下形成的特殊景观类型,明确西南干旱河谷的空间分布范围,掌握分区统计数据,对了解干旱河谷生态系统、分析相关自然和人文综合指标有重要意义。本文在前人研究的基础上,利用遥感与野外验证相结合的方法,划定了西南地区干旱河谷的空间分布范围,同时,分析了干旱河谷区的地形特征和干湿状况。研究结果表明:西南地区干旱河谷总长度约为6911.15 km,总面积约为26451.61 km2,涉及我国甘肃省、四川省、云南省以及西藏自治区4个省级行政区。在空间分布上由北至南依次分布在白龙江、岷江、大渡河、雅砻江、金沙江、澜沧江、怒江和元江,其中,金沙江干旱河谷面积最大,占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的44.36%,岷江干旱河谷面积最小,占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的2.74%。坡度大于25°的面积占西南地区干旱河谷总面积的55.00%,地形坡度区域差异显著,岷江干旱河谷区地形坡度较大,雅砻江干旱河谷区较为平缓。阳坡面积大于阴坡面积,阳坡面积占干旱河谷总面积的40.49%,阴坡面积占干旱河谷总面积的31.12%。干旱河谷区内气象观测站的干季干燥度指数(IaD)值在2.14~5.10之间,属于半干旱类型和干旱类型。本研究成果可为干旱河谷的进一步深入研究提供基础数据支撑。Dry valleys are special landscape types in Southwest China due to the complex interplay of environment and socioeconomic characteristics,such as unique terrain,and complex climate.A scientific understanding and quantitative assessment of the distribution range and district statistical data of the dry valleys will be essential to investigate the ecosystem of the dry valleys,and to analyze related natural and anthropogenic factors.Based on the previous research achievements,the distribution range of the dry valleys was delineated using a comprehensive methodology that integrated the visual interpretation and field validation method.The results showed that the dry valleys in Southwest China encompassed a length of 6845.84 km and an area of 26232.91 km2,respectively.They covered 4 provinces including Gansu Province,Sichuan Province,Yunnan Province and Tibet and distributed along dry valley of Pai-lung River,Minjiang River,Dadu River,Yalong River,Jinsha River,Lancang River,Salween and Yuanjiang River ranging from the North to the South.Dry valley of Jinsha River was the largest,which takes up around 44.73%of the total area of the dry valleys,and the dry valley of Minjiang River was the smallest,which accounted for 2.76%.The dry valley area on slope over 25°accounted for 55.00%of total area.There were significant differences in slope gradient among each dry valley.The topography was steep in Minjiang River dry valley,but it was gentle in Yalong River dry valley.The dry valley area on sunny slope and shade slope accounted for 40.49%and 31.12%of the total area of dry valleys,respectively.The IaD of the meteorological stations ranged from 2.14~5.10 in dry valleys,belonging to semiarid type and arid type.The results of this paper could serve as fundamental scientific reference for further research of dry valleys in Southwest China.

关 键 词：横断山区 干旱河谷 分布范围 地形特征 Penman-Monteith模型 干湿状况 

分 类 号：K903[历史地理—人文地理学]