释义元语言视阈下“鬼”之文化模式稽考——基于英语、日语、汉语的比较研究  

On the Cultural Pattern of“Ghost”from the Perspective of Defining Metalanguage Theory

作　　者：黄交军 李国英 HUANG Jiao-jun;LI Guo-Ying

机构地区：[1]贵阳学院文化传媒学院,贵州贵阳550005 [2]贵阳市青岩贵璜中学,贵州贵阳550027

出　　处：《湖南广播电视大学学报》2020年第3期25-42,共18页Journal of Hunan Radio and Television University

基　　金：国家社科基金西部项目“西南地区少数民族媒体语言生活调查研究”(18CYY020);贵阳学院立项资助课题“《说文解字》与中国先民生态文化研究”(10976200903);贵阳学院文化传媒学院创新项目“文化人类学视野下的身份困惑与民族秘史——话说贵州穿青族的前世今生”(201411)。

摘　　要：“鬼”作为人类语言中的一个基本词汇,普遍存在于世界各民族的语言与文化中。本文从释义元语言的理论视阈,对英语、日语、汉语三种语言中“鬼”之演义进行比勘校雠,发现汉字“鬼”之字义嬗代、语符分合、思想交锋与文化辐射尽显民族的真髓神韵,“鬼子”一词的“奇幻漂流”圆满解答了湮没已久的历史隐秘。且借助文化模式(英国罪感文化、日本耻感文化和中国乐感文化)解释模型完美消除了语言悖论,进而推导出新论断:文化(或哲学)越具包容性、人文性,其词语义项越丰富,词语数量越少,反之亦然。“鬼”一词可谓重构中华先民具身体悟、认知世界的逻辑起点,乃人类语言文化基因库的一个重要编码,是通释所有人类语言思想的关键基元词之一。本研究为学界探索一条既符合中国特色汉语事实又具有普遍意义的新道路提供了方法论启示与实践性案例。“Ghost”widely exists in all the nations of the world.It is a basic vocabulary in the human languages.From the theoretical perspective of defining metalanguage,this paper collates the interpretations of“ghost”in UK(English),Japan(Japanese)and China(Chinese),which finds that the transmutation of the meaning,division and combination of linguistic signs,confrontation of ideas and cultural radiation of the Chinese character“鬼”reveal the true essence and charm of the Chinese nation.The fantasy drifting of term“gui zi(鬼子)”in the three nations is a satisfactory explanation to the long-lost historical mystery.What’s more,through the interpretation model of cultural patterns which compares the British guilt culture,Japanese shame culture and Chinese optimistic culture,we faultlessly eliminate the language paradox and then we draw a new conclusion:The more inclusive and humanistic the culture(or philosophy)is,the richer the semantic items are.The wider the cross-domain is,the simpler the number of words is,and vice versa.The word“ghost”is indeed the logical starting point of reconstructing the physical experience and cognitive world of Chinese ancestors.It is an important code of human language and culture gene bank,and one of the key basic words which can explain all human language thoughts.Therefore,this paper provides methodological inspiration and practical cases for the academic areas to explore a new way that is both in line with the Chinese facts of Chinese characteristics and universal meaning.

关 键 词：演义 释义元语言 鬼 文化模式 解释模型 

分 类 号：H021[语言文字—语言学]