技术、战争与社会的多层互动:转型时期的意大利战争研究述评及其启示  

Multi-layered Interaction among Technology,Wars and Society:Research Review and Enlightenment of the Italian Wars in the Transformational Period

作　　者：薛鹏程 XUE Peng-cheng(Department of History,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史学系,上海200433

出　　处：《巢湖学院学报》2020年第2期112-119,共8页Journal of Chaohu University

摘　　要：1494—1559年的意大利战争展现了15—18世纪欧洲军事技术、战争与社会领域的多层互动关系。欧洲的军事、社会面貌在意大利战争与文艺复兴、宗教改革等社会思潮的良性互动过程中焕然一新,并成为推动欧洲由中世纪向近现代转型的一股强大动力。当前学界在研究意大利战争时倾向于围绕战争的整体进程、战争中的技术与社会及雇佣军等问题展开论述,在探索转型时期的欧洲政治史、军事史、外交史及社会史方面取得了一定的成就。但当前的意大利战争研究还存在着“同质化”倾向较为凸显、跨学科融合成果相对缺乏及较少体现社会领域的“人文关怀”等不足。若能正确认识意大利战争的重要地位并引入新的研究方法与视角,转型时期的意大利战争研究将取得更丰硕的成果。The Italian Wars of 1494—1559 demonstrated the multi-layered interaction between military technology,war and society in the transformational period of Europe from the 15th to the 18th century.The military and social outlook of Europe took on a new look during the interaction between the Italian Wars,the Renaissance,and Religious Reform and so on,which became a powerful momentum to promote the transformation of Europe from the Middle Ages to modern times.At present,scholars at home and abroad tend to explore the overall process of the Italian Wars,the issues of technology and society in the Wars and the mercenary issues during the war,and have made some achievements in exploring the European history in the political,military,diplomatic and social aspects during the transformational period.However,there are still some deficiencies in the current Italian Wars research,such as the tendency of homogeneity,the lack of interdisciplinary integration results and the lack of"humanistic care"in the social field.If we can correctly understand the importance of Italian Wars and introduce new research methods and perspectives,the research on Italian Wars in the transformational period will gain more remarkable achievements.

关 键 词：意大利战争 雇佣兵 技术革新 军事变革 社会转型 

分 类 号：K133[历史地理—历史学]