桨叶式日粮混合机机理分析与参数优化  

Mechanism Analysis and Parameter Optimization of Paddle-type Ration Mixer

作　　者：王德福[1,2] 党春雪 黄会男 刘朝贤 WANG Defu;DANG Chunxue;HUANG Huinan;LIU Chaoxian(College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;Key Laboratory of Swine Facilities Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]农业农村部生猪养殖设施工程重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第6期122-131,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701301);黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目(GA16B301).

摘　　要：为了促进全混合日粮(简称日粮)饲喂技术的推广应用,设计了一种桨叶式日粮混合机,并对该混合机进行了性能试验与参数优化。利用桨叶式日粮混合试验装置,对混合室内日粮的混合过程进行分析,将混合室内日粮分布区域划分为积料区、提料区、滑落区和塌落区,各区域混合方式为:积料区与提料区主要发生剪切混合与对流混合,滑落区与塌落区以较强剪切混合与扩散混合为主;以混合时间、转子转速和桨叶安装角为试验因素,以变异系数与净功耗为评价指标,采用三因素五水平二次回归正交旋转组合试验方法进行试验,获得了该机试验因素对混合均匀度及净功耗的影响规律。试验结果表明:在填充率为65%时,最优参数组合为:混合时间5.3 min、转子转速8.6 r/min、桨叶安装角34°,对应的变异系数为7.01%、净功耗为51.02 kJ。该日粮混合机满足日粮的混合要求,性能较优。Coarse fodder and concentrates are separately fed by traditional feeding technology,which tends to make ruminants select feed and cause metabolic diseases.The ruminant farming gradually adopts a total mixed ration feeding technology by which coarse fodder and concentrates are mixed uniformly according to the needs of ruminant growth and production.Aiming to promote the popularization and application of the feeding technology,a paddle-type ration mixer was designed,and performance tests and parameter optimization were performed by the paddle-type ration mixing experimental equipment.The equipment was used to analyze the mixing process of the rations in the mixing chamber.The distribution area of the rations in the mixing chamber was divided into the accumulation area,lifting area,slipping area and slumping area.The mixing modes of each area were as follows:shear mixing and convection mixing mainly occurred in the accumulation area and lifting area,and shear mixing and diffusion mixing mainly occurred in the slipping area and slumping area;the mixing time,rotor speed and paddle installation angle were taken as experimental factors,and the coefficient of variation and net power consumption were used as evaluation indexes.The method of orthogonal rotational combination experiment of three factors and five levels was used in experiments.The influence of the main parameters of the mixer on the mixing uniformity and power consumption was obtained.The results showed that the paddle-type ration mixer can meet the requirements of ration mixing;when the filling rate was 65%,the optimal parameter combination was as follows:mixing time was 5.3 min,rotor speed was 8.6 r/min,and installation angle was 34°.The coefficient of variation was 7.01%and the net power consumption was 51.02 kJ.The research result can provide support for the in-depth research and application of ration mixers.

关 键 词：全混合日粮 混合机 桨叶式 机理分析 参数优化 

分 类 号：S816.34[农业科学—饲料科学] S817.12[农业科学—畜牧学]