水炭运筹下稻田土壤氮素分布与盈亏15N示踪分析  

15N Tracer Analysis of Nitrogen Distribution and Break-even in Paddy Soil under Water and Biochar Management

作　　者：张作合 张忠学 郑衍波[1,3] 李铁成 韩羽 赵文博[1,3] ZHANG Zuohe;ZHANG Zhongxue;ZHENG Yanbo;LI Tiecheng;HAN Yu;ZHAO Wenbo(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China;College of Agriculture and Hydraulic Engineering,Suihua University,Suihua 152061,China;Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学水利与土木工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]绥化学院农业与水利工程学院,绥化152061 [3]东北农业大学农业农村部农业水资源高效利用重点实验室,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第6期309-317,395,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400108)。

摘　　要：为揭示水炭运筹下铵态氮、硝态氮在不同土层的分布规律和土壤氮素在水稻植株中的分布规律,设置两种水分管理模式(浅湿干灌溉、常规淹灌)和4个秸秆生物炭施用量水平(0、2.5、12.5、25 t/hm2),采用田间小区和15N示踪微区结合的方法,研究了不同水炭运筹下0~60 cm土层NH+4-N、NO-3-N和肥料NH+4-15N、NO-3-15N的累积分布,以及土壤氮素在水稻植株中的分布情况,并计算了不同水炭运筹下的土壤盈亏状况。试验结果表明:浅湿干灌溉模式下,稻田土壤中的NH+4-N累积量随土层深度的增加而减小,施加适量的秸秆生物炭增加了0~20 cm土层NH+4-N、NO-3-N累积量,同时减少了20~60 cm土层的累积量。相同秸秆生物炭施用水平下,浅湿干灌溉模式0~20 cm土层中NH+4-N、NO-3-N累积量和肥料NH+4-15N、NO-3-15N累积量均高于常规淹灌模式,浅湿干灌溉模式20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层NO-3-15N累积量较常规淹灌模式显著降低(P<0.05)。浅湿干灌溉模式积累的土壤氮素有9.79%~13.96%分布在植株叶片,15.71%~20.03%分布在植株茎鞘,66.00%~74.50%分布在植株穗部。综合考虑寒地黑土区土壤氮库盈亏平衡,浅湿干灌溉模式施加12.5 t/hm2秸秆生物炭的水炭运筹模式最优。In order to reveal the distribution of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in different soil layers and the distribution of soil nitrogen in plants under water and biochar management,the accumulation and distribution of NH+4-N and NO-3-N,fertilizer NH+4-15N and NO-3-15N in 0~60 cm soil layers under different water and biochar management were studied by combining field plots with 15N tracer micro-area,and the distribution of soil nitrogen in plants under different water and biochar management was calculated.The results showed that the accumulation of NH+4-N in paddy soil was decreased with the increase of soil depth under dry-shallow-wet irrigation.The accumulation of NH+4-N and NO-3-N in 0~20 cm soil layer was increased by applying appropriate amount of straw biochar,while the accumulation of NH+4-N and NO-3-N in 20~60 cm soil layer was reduced.The accumulations of NH+4-N,NO-3-N and fertilizer NH+4-15N,NO-3-15N in 0~20 cm soil layer of rice under the same straw biochar application level were higher than those of flooding irrigation.The accumulation of NO-3-15N in 20~40 cm and 40~60 cm soil layers of dry-shallow-wet model was significantly lower than that of conventional flooding(P<0.05).Totally 9.79%~13.96%of the soil nitrogen accumulated in rice under dry-shallow-wet irrigation was distributed in plant leaves,15.71%~20.03%was in plant stems and sheaths,and 66.00%~74.50%was in plant panicles.Considering the break-even of soil nitrogen pool in cold and black soil area,the best water and biochar management model was dry-shallow-wet irrigation plus 12.5 t/hm2 straw biochar.

关 键 词：稻田 水炭运筹 铵态氮 硝态氮 盈亏 同位素示踪技术 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S143.1