2014—2016厄尔尼诺年秘鲁上升流的变化特征及其影响因素  

The Variability Characteristics and Influential Factors in Peru Upwelling over 2014—2016 El Nino Years

作　　者：王林慧 史洁[1,2] 高会旺 WANG Lin-Hui;SHI Jie;GAO Hui-Wang(The Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室,海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第7期1-9,共9页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家基金委-山东省联合基金项目(U1606404);青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室青年人才培育项目(LMEES-YTSP-2018-02-03)资助。

摘　　要：秘鲁上升流将富含营养盐的冷水带到表层,对沿岸的生态系统与渔业资源产生重要影响。厄尔尼诺事件对秘鲁上升流影响显著,而2014—2016年是近年来最强的厄尔尼诺事件之一。本文利用区域海洋模型ROMS,分析了秘鲁上升流在2014—2016年强厄尔尼诺期间的变化特征及影响因子。结果表明:2014与2015年春季,秘鲁沿岸表层海温出现正异常,主要与上升流减弱与平流增强造成的增暖有关,不同的是,2014年夏季平流增暖效应减弱,上升流增强,阻碍了海温正异常的继续发展;2015年夏季平流增暖效应持续,上升流作用被抑制,海温正异常持续至2016年春季;2014—2016年夏季秘鲁沿岸上升流增强与风应力增强有关;在冬春季节风应力减弱,利于产生上升流;2014和2015年春季出现下沉流,主要是由秘鲁潜流增强引起;风应力在2014—2016年无显著年际差异,潜流变化是产生厄尔尼诺年际差异的主导因素。Peru upwelling can bring nutrient-rich colder water to the surface,which supports high primary production and fishery resources.El Nino events occurring during 2014 to 2016 is nearly the strongest one in recent years,which have significant impacts on Peru upwelling.A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model(ROMs)is used to explore the variations of Peru upwelling during the 2014-2016 El Nino events.In the springs of 2014 and 2015,the positive SST anomalies along the Peruvian coast were mainly caused by the increase of water temperature due to the decrease in vertical advection and the enhancement of horizontal heat advection.The horizontal heat advection reduced and the upwelling strengthened in the summer of 2014,which hindered the development of the positive SST anomalies.However,in the summer of 2015,the increase of horizontal advection continued and the upwelling was suppressed,which kept the SST anomalies continue to be warm until the spring of 2016.The variations of the vertical velocity in Peru upwelling were consistent with the variability of the wind stress along Peru coast in summer,while the upwelling weakened along the Peruvian coast in the springs of 2014 and 2015,which were mainly derived from the enhancement of Peru Countercurrent.There were no significant inter-annual variations in the wind stresses along Peruvian coast during 2014 to 2016.The variation of Peru countercurrent is the key factor determining the inter-annual varhathong of Peru upwelling.

关 键 词：上升流 厄尔尼诺 上升流指标 风应力 秘鲁潜流 

分 类 号：P731.21[天文地球—海洋科学]