不同水肥处理对小麦冠层结构、产量和籽粒品质的影响  

Effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on canopy structure,yield and grain quality of wheat

作　　者：韩立杰[1,2] 董伟欣 张月辰[2] HAN Lijie;DONG Weixin;ZHANG Yuechen(Hebei Radio and TV University, Shijiazhuang 050080, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China)

机构地区：[1]河北广播电视大学,河北石家庄050080 [2]河北农业大学农学院,河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《浙江农业学报》2020年第6期953-962,共10页Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300503)。

摘　　要：为探究不同水肥处理对小麦冠层结构、产量和籽粒品质的影响,采用抗旱品种石农086为试验材料,设置5个施氮量(0、150、225、300、375 kg·hm-2,分别简记为N0、N150、N225、N300、N375)和3种灌水方式(不灌水,拔节期灌1次水,拔节期和开花期各灌1次水,每次灌水量600 m3·hm-2,分别简记为W0、W1、W2),相互组合形成9个处理(W0N0、W1N150、W1N225、W1N300、W1N375、W2N150、W2N225、W2N300、W2N375)。结果表明:随着开花后天数的推移,叶面积指数呈现先增后减的趋势,且随施氮量或灌水次数的增加而增加。相同灌水次数下,灌浆速率随施氮量增加先增后减,在225 kg·hm-2施氮量下最大;相同施氮量下,灌水2次的灌浆速率大于灌水1次。小麦籽粒全氮和蛋白质含量随施氮量的增加而增加,但整体来看不同灌水次数下无显著差异。籽粒淀粉含量除W2N300、W2N375较W0N0显著(P<0.05)降低外,其他处理与W0N0无显著差异。W2N225处理的小麦产量和产量构成因素均最高。在本试验条件下,施氮225 kg·hm-2,灌水2次,每次600 m3·hm-2能够使小麦获得高产,且可兼顾水肥高效利用。In order to clarify the effects of different water and fertilizer treatments on the canopy structure,yield and grain quality of wheat,the drought resistant cultivar Shinong086 was used as the test material.Five nitrogen rates(0,150,225,300,375 kg·hm-2,which was designated as N0,N150,N225,N300,N375,respectively),and 3 irrigation ways(no irrigation,irrigation once at jointing stage,irrigation twice at jointing stage and flowering stage with 600 m3·hm-2 each time,which was designated as W0,W1,W2,respectively)were set.Accordingly,9 treatments were designed including W0N0,W1N150,W1N225,W1N300,W1N375,W2N150,W2N225,W2N300,W2N375.It was shown that with the passage of days after flowering,the leaf area index showed a trend of increasing first and decreasing subsequently,and the leaf area index increased with higher nitrogen rate or irrigation time.Under the same irrigation time,the grain filling rate increased first and decreased later with the increasing nitrogen rate,and the highest grain filling rate was recorded when nitrogen rate was 225 kg·hm-2.Besides,the grain filling rate under irrigation twice was higher than that under irrigation once.The total nitrogen and protein content in grains increased with the increasing nitrogen rate.However,irrigation ways showed no significant influence on the total nitrogen and protein content in grains.The starch content in grains of W2N300 and W2N375 was significantly(P<0.05)lower than that of W0N0.Among all the treatments,W2N225 showed the highest yield and yield components.Therefore,under the experiment conditions,it could achieve high yield and high utilization rate of water and fertilizer by applying 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen and irrigation twice at jointing stage and flowering stage with 600 m3·hm-2 each time.

关 键 词：小麦 水肥处理 冠层结构 灌浆速率 产量 籽粒品质 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]