播期对大豆开花期和鼓粒期叶片光合特性及产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaves in Flowering and Bulking Stage and Yield of Soybean

作　　者：高永刚[1,2] 高明 杨晓强[1,2] 刘丹[1,2] 张志国 孙守军[1,2] GAO Yong-gang;GAO Ming;YANG Xiao-qiang;LIU Dan;ZHANG Zhi-guo;SUN Shou-jun(Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Meteorological Science,Harbin 150030,China;Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast,China Meteorological Administration,Harbin 150030,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Meteorological Bureau,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省气象科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [3]黑龙江省气象局,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《大豆科学》2020年第2期227-234,共8页Soybean Science

基　　金：中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室基金(stqx201701);黑龙江省气象局项目(HQ2018025)。

摘　　要：为研究播期对大豆光合特性及产量的影响,以中熟型大豆黑农48为试材,依托2017年哈尔滨农试站3个播期试验,分析大豆开花期和鼓粒期光合参数、气象和产量数据。结果表明:(1)不同播期大豆开花期和鼓粒期叶片的光合特性差异显著。净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)适播比早播、晚播有所增加,Pn、Tr和WUE适播比早播、晚播分别提高14.86%和15.67%、1.06%和1.35%、14.37%和14.83%;叶片气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和叶绿素含量(SPAD)随着播期推迟变化不同,与适播相比,早播、晚播条件下Gs变化幅度分别为17.72%和-20.35%、Ci变化幅度分别为9.53%和3.72%,随着播期推迟Gs呈降低趋势,而Ci呈先降后增变化;而在鼓粒期随着播期推迟SPAD降低。(2)光合参数间的相互影响、协同作用影响大豆的生长状况和产量的形成。Pn与Tr、WUE、光合有效辐射(PAR)存在极显著的正相关,与Ci存在极显著的负相关,逐日气温(Ta)与Tr、Gs与Ci分别存在显著、极显著正相关,Ta、Gs分别通过影响蒸散和Ci起间接作用,在大豆生殖生长期,气温、光合有效辐射和土壤水分是影响Pn的主要气象因素。(3)适播有较高的Pn、WUE、干物质积累及向籽粒转化率,适时播期可充分利用光、温、水等气候资源,促进光合效率,大豆产量增加明显。In order to study the effects of sowing date on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean. Based on the 3 sowing treatment experiments of Harbin Agricultural Meteorological Test Station in 2017, the experimental material was the medium ripening soybean Heinong 48, the observation data of photosynthetic parameters, meteorological and yield were analyzed. The results showed that:(1) Photosynthetic characteristics of leaves in soybean flowering and bulking stage were significant different from different sowing dates. Net photosynthetic rate(Pn), transpiration rate(Tr) and water use efficiency(WUE) were increased in suitable sowing date compared with early and late sowing date,Pn, Tr and WUE of suitable sowing date were respectively increased by 14.86% and 15.67%, 1.06% and 1.35%, 14.37% and 14.83% compared with early and late sowing date. The variations of Gs, Ci and SPAD of leaves were different with the delay of sowing date, Gs of suitable sowing date were varied by 17.72% and-20.35% compared with early and late sowing date, and Ci were varied by 9.53% and 3.72%,the Gs trends were declined with sowing dates delayed, the Ci trends were declined before increased with sowing dates delayed, however, SPAD of bulking stage was decreased with the delay of sowing date.(2) The growth status and yield of soybean were affected by the interaction and synergy between photosynthetic parameters. Pn was extremely significant positive correlation with Tr, WUE, PAR, and a extremely significant negative correlation with Ci, there were respectively significant positive and extremely significant positive correlation in air temperature(Ta) and Tr, Gs and Ci, Ta and Gs played an indirect role by affecting evapotranspiration and Ci, respectively. In reproductive growth period of soybean, air temperature, photosynthetic active radiation and soil moisture were the mainly affecting meteorological factors for Pn.(3) There were higher Pn, WUE, dry matter accumulation and seed conversion rate for suitable sowing date, and timely

关 键 词：播期 大豆 开花期和鼓粒期 光合特性 产量 影响 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学] S162.54