膝关节运动损伤防控的生物力学分析  

Biomechanical Analysis of Prevention and Control of Knee Joint Sports Injury

作　　者：罗滨[1] LUO Bin(School of Medical Technology and Nursing,Shenzhen Polytechnic,Shenzhen,Guangdong 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳职业技术学院医学技术与护理学院,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《深圳职业技术学院学报》2020年第3期35-41,共7页Journal of Shenzhen Polytechnic

摘　　要：通过综合膝关节运动损伤的相关文献,从下肢形态异常、超负荷运动、股四头肌内外侧肌不均衡、膝关节周围肌和韧带过紧等生物力学因素,以及对膝关节承受来自地面的冲击力、关节周围骨骼肌活动及不同轴向的关节应力等生物力学特征方面的改变进行分析,认为应该加强核心肌群和膝关节周围骨骼肌的力量,以提高膝关节稳定性,有效地增加下肢骨关节链的刚度系数,从而改善膝关节的拉伸弹性和旋转弹性,并积极做好运动前的拉伸等热身准备,合理地运用规范的运动动作以及运动后的牵拉等,是膝关节运动损伤防控的有效手段.Based on the research on knee joint sports injury,the bio-mechanical factors such as abnormal morphology of lower limbs deformation,overload exercise,imbalance of internal and external muscles of quadriceps femoris,excessive tightening of muscles and ligaments around knee joint,bio-mechanical characteristics of knee joint bearing impact force from the ground,skeletal muscle movement around joint and joint stress in different directions are analyzed.It is suggested that the strength of the core muscle group and the skeletal muscle around the knee joint should be enhanced to improve the stability of the knee joint.The stiffness coefficient of the bone and joint chain of the lower extremity can be effectively increased to improve the tensile elasticity and rotating elasticity of the knee joint.By reasonably using the standardized exercise movement,including warming-up such as stretching before and after exercise,and the traction after exercise,a person can achieve the most effective means to prevent and control the knee joint sports injury.

关 键 词：膝关节 运动损伤 功能解剖学 生物力学 

分 类 号：R873[医药卫生—运动医学]