普遍人权理论的宗教难题  

The Religious Dilemma on Universal Human Rights Theory

作　　者：黄金荣[1] HUANG Jin-rong

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《北方法学》2020年第3期124-137,共14页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“人权的普遍性与主体性问题研究”(14BFX141)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：20世纪60年代末,伊斯兰复兴运动的兴起促进了伊斯兰人权观的出现,这种从伊斯兰教义出发看待一切人权规范的人权观在伊斯兰世界至今仍具有顽强的生命力。伊斯兰人权观与人权的"亚洲价值观"在强调人权的特殊性以及非政治化方面存在很大的相似性,但前者的宗教性决定了其比后者更加根深蒂固。无论是以"国际人权宪章"为基础还是以道德普遍性为基础的普遍人权理论都存在理论上的弱点,很难对与"国际人权宪章"存在诸多矛盾冲突的伊斯兰人权观有足够的说服力,伊斯兰世界多元变化的事实也不足以消除伊斯兰人权观与普遍人权观存在的观念冲突。在一个多元化的世界,西方普遍人权话语中将人权宗教化或者原教旨主义化的倾向具有使人权观念被绝对化和异化的危险,由此很容易成为与其他信仰的冲突之源。只有坚持一种具有反思性的温和普遍人权观才能实现其与伊斯兰人权观等其他价值观的和平共处与有效对话。In the late 1960 s,the rise of the Islamic Resurgence promoted the emergence of Islamic conception of human right based on Islamic teachings,it still has tenacious vitality in the Islamic world at present. Islamic conception of human rights is similar to the "Asian values"of human rights in advocating particularity and non-politicization of human rights,but the religiousness of the former determines it to be more deep-rooted than the latter. The theoretical weaknesses in both of the theories of universal human rights either based on the International Bill of Human Rights or on the basis of moral universality make it is hard to claim supremacy over conflicting Islamic conception of human rights which has many contradictions and conflicts with the International Bill of Human Rights;The fact that Islamic world is diverse and constantly changing also can’t invalidate the claim that Islamic conception is in conflict with universal conception of human rights in many respects. In the pluralistic world,the inclination in the western discourse on universal human rights that takes a religious or fundamentalist view on human rights may bring a risk of being absolutized and alienated,and thus easily becomes a source of conflict between human rights and other beliefs. A moderate and self-examining universal conception of human rights should be advocated in order to seek a peaceful coexistence and effective dialogue with other beliefs like Islamic conception of human rights.

关 键 词：普遍人权 伊斯兰 开罗伊斯兰人权宣言 世界人权宪章 宗教 

分 类 号：DF0[政治法律—法学理论]