河蟹栖息影响因素试验研究  

Experimental study on influencing factors of crab habitat

作　　者：徐观兵 杨胜发[1,2] 杨威 XU Guanbing;YANG Shengfa;YANG Wei(School of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China;National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [2]国家内河航道整治工程技术研究中心,重庆400074

出　　处：《人民长江》2020年第6期63-68,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402104);重庆市研究生教育创新基金项目(CYB18170)。

摘　　要：通过水槽试验,研究不同底质、水流条件、地貌对河蟹栖息的影响。结果表明:河蟹对卵石河床偏好性最强,粗砂次之,碎石最弱;卵石河床上河蟹达到最大附着力时的流速为0.8m/s;在河床地貌选择方面,卵石河床地貌纵向条状的河蟹丰度最高,局部点坑次之,横向条状最低。因此,将卵石底质、较低水流流速、纵向条状的地貌特征等参数进行结合能最大程度构造出利于河蟹的生境,从而起到保护河蟹种群的效果。In this paper,the flume test was conducted to study the effects of different substrate,flow conditions and geomorphology on the habitat of crabs.The results showed that crabs had the strongest preference to the pebble bed,followed by coarse sand and gravel.The flow velocity was 0.8m/s when the crabs reached greatest adhesive force on the pebble bed.The crabs number on the longitudinal strip of pebble bed was the highest,followed by local pit landform,and transverse strip was the worst landform.Therefore,the combination of pebble sediment,low flow velocity and longitudinal strip geomorphologic characteristics can protect the crabs habitat to the greatest extent.

关 键 词：河蟹栖息 河床底质 流速附着力 地貌特征 水槽试验 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]