基于河北省公众视角的突发公共卫生事件风险沟通研究  

Research on Risk Communication of Public Health Emergency Based on Public Perspective in Hebei Province

作　　者：曹珂馨 潘昱良 高秀玉 李茹新 曹志辉 吴爽 Cao Kexin(North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,063210)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学管理学院,唐山063210

出　　处：《医学与社会》2020年第5期11-15,共5页Medicine and Society

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金资助项目,编号为HB18GL062。

摘　　要：目的:了解公众对突发公共卫生事件风险沟通的需求,分析风险沟通与公众需求的不匹配之处,提出突发公共卫生事件风险沟通优化策略。方法:以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例,抽取河北省1506名居民作为调查对象,通过在线问卷调查,了解其信息需求,运用构成比、算数平均数对数据进行统计描述。结果:调查对象中,86.41%的人较为或非常关注疫情信息;92.22%的人未出门或出门次数大幅减少,84.04%的人出门一定戴口罩;对个人最重要的信息分别是防护知识(4.61分)、不实信息的及时澄清(4.56分)、相关部门的应对措施(4.55分)等,未能满足个人需求的信息包括应对措施(46.65%)、确诊病例信息(45.50%)、流行病学特征(37.66%)等。8%的人认为已经公布的信息不能满足需求,认为获得信息的渠道较为分散(56.32%)、部分信息不够全面(44.83%)、部分信息相对滞后(45.84%)、部分不实信息澄清不及时(37.59%)。结论:已采取的风险沟通措施对公众行为产生了积极影响,但尚未完全满足公众需求。风险沟通的优化策略包括把握风险沟通时机,统一信息平台,拓展信息沟通内容,沟通内容更通俗易懂,加大不实信息的治理力度,重视双向互动沟通方式,调整信息发布主体。Objective:To understand the public demand for risk communication in public health emergencies,to analyze the mismatch between government risk communication and public demand,and to put forward the optimization strategy for risk communication in public health emergencies.Methods:Taking COVID-19 as an example,1506 residents were selected as the subjects.The information demand was investigated through online questionnaires,and the data were statistically described by constituent ratio and arithmetic mean.Results:86.41%of the subjects paid more attention to the epidemic information;92.22%of the people did not go out or the number of times to go out decreased significantly,and 84.04%of the people must wear masks when going out;the most important information for individuals were protection knowledge(4.61 points),timely clarification of rumors(4.56 points),government response measures(4.55 points);the information failed to meet personal demand included government measures(46.65%),the information of confirmed cases(45.50%)and epidemiological characteristics(37.66%).8%of people thought that the information released by the government could not meet the demand,and there were some problems such as fragmentation of information release(56.32%),incomplete information(44.83%),relatively lagging information(45.84%),and untimely rumor clarification(37.59%).Conclusion:The risk communication of government departments has a positive impact on public behavior,but it has not fully met the demand of the public.The optimization strategy of risk communication includes seizing the opportunity of risk communication,unifying the information platform,expanding the content of information communication,making the content of communication more understandable,strengthening the governance of rumors,attaching importance to the two-way interactive communication mode,and adjusting the main body of information release.

关 键 词：突发公共卫生事件 风险沟通 信息需求 河北 

分 类 号：R193.2[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]