疣粒野生稻保护、遗传特性及利用研究进展  

Conservation,genetic characteristics and utilization of Oryza meyeriana Baill.:A review

作　　者：付坚[1] 陈玲[1] 柯学[1] 张敦宇[1] 陈越[1] 殷富有[1] 王玲仙[1] 肖素勤[1] 黄兴奇[1] 程在全[1] FU Jian;CHEN Ling;KE Xue;ZHANG Dun-yu;CHEN Yue;YIN Fu-you;WANG Ling-xian;XIAO Su-qin;HUANG Xing-qi;CHENG Zai-quan(Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Agricultural Biotechnology/Key Lab of Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所/云南省农业生物技术重点实验室/农业农村部西南作物基因资源与种质创制重点实验室,昆明650205

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第5期1070-1079,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学地区基金项目(31560384);云南省重大科技专项(2018ZG005);云南省农业基础研究联合专项[2017FG001(-023)]。

摘　　要：疣粒野生稻(Oryza meyeriana Baill.)是稻属中保存较多原始性状特征的种类,对病害、虫害及非生物胁迫的抗性良好,尤其是高抗白叶枯病,蕴含大量优良基因,既可作为抗病、抗虫、耐旱和耐盐碱基因发掘及水稻育种的优良抗源材料,也可作为稻作高蛋白、高赖氨酸等改良稻米品质育种的优异种质资源;但疣粒野生稻(GG基因组)与栽培稻(AA基因组)亲缘关系较远,其遗传特性研究和发掘利用远落后于普通野生稻等其他野生稻。文章通过综述疣粒野生稻分类和命名、优异性状、遗传特性及其在水稻种质资源创新与利用等方面的研究进展,并探讨疣粒野生稻研究和利用过程中存在的困难,指出当前疣粒野生稻赖以生存的原生境不断遭到破坏,其生存形势已十分严峻,若现存的居群得不到有效保护,将会造成更多的资源流失;此外,疣粒野生稻基因组的复杂程度限制了其功能基因及基因家族的研究,同时增加了同源基因克隆的难度和准确度,致使疣粒野生稻有利基因的发掘和利用进程缓慢,以疣粒野生稻为亲本的育种研究非常有限。因此,今后要从以下3个方面加强疣粒野生稻研究:(1)重视疣粒野生稻的保护,加强保存、保护措施研究;(2)借助现代生物技术,包括第三代高通量测序技术、蛋白组学分析和代谢组学技术等开展疣粒野生稻优异性状调控机理研究,加强抗病、抗虫、耐旱及耐阴等功能基因的发掘。(3)加强疣粒野生稻杂交障碍和杂交后代不育研究,寻求克服杂交障碍及挽救杂交后代的方法,促进疣粒野生稻在水稻育种中的应用。Oryza meyeriana Baill.,with GG genome type(2n=24),was considered to be one of the more primitive ecotypes in the Oryza genus.O.meyeriana has excellent stress resistance such as disease,insects and abiotic stress,especially bacterial blight disease.O.meyeriana contains abundant fine genes,it can be used as gene pool for disease resistance,insect resistance,drought tolerance and saline-alkaline tolerance and new variety breeding.It is also fine germplasm resource for rice variety improvement with high protein content and high lysine content.The research of genetic characteristics and utilization in O.meyeriana have been less well studied than other wild rice species such as O.rufipogon Griff.,because the relationship between O.meyeriana(GG genome)and cultivated rice(AA genome)were far from each other.In the present article,the latest research progresses related to classification and nomenclature,hereditary character of fine trraits and utilization status in rice germplasm innovation were reviewed.In this paper,the difficulties of research and utilization of O.meyeriana were discussed,and pointed out that the original habitats on which O.meyeriana depended for survival were constantly damaged,and O.meyeriana’s survival situation was very severe.If the existing in-suit population was not conserved effectively,more wild resources would be lost.The complexity of the genome of O.meyeriana led to difficulties of functional genes and gene families study,and decreased the accuracy of homologous gene identification.The practices on breeding O.meyeriana as parents were rare since the exploration and utilization of favourable genes were slow.Based on the problems above,more studies need to be focused on O.meyeriana from the following three aspects:(1)attach importance to the conservation and improve the research of conservation and protection measures of O.meyeriana;(2)use modern biotechnologies,including the third generation of high-throughput sequencing technologies,proteomics analysis and metabonomics analysis to conduct

关 键 词：疣粒野生稻 优良性状 遗传特性 有利基因 保存保护 

分 类 号：S511.9[农业科学—作物学]