不同切花百合品种的物候特征和表型性状差异  

Differences in phenological characteristics and phenotypic traits of different cut lily varieties

作　　者：钱遵姚 杨光炤 张军云 张建康 王文智 杨世先 张钟 QIAN Zun-yao;YANG Guang-zhao;ZHANG Jun-yun;ZHANG Jian-kang;WANGWen-zhi;YANG Shi-xian;ZHANG Zhong(Yuxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuxi,Yunnan 653100,China)

机构地区：[1]玉溪市农业科学院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2020年第5期1152-1158,共7页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：云南省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(云财农〔2017〕6号);云南省技术创新人才培养对象项目(云科人发〔2018〕8号,2019HB090)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析不同切花百合品种的性状特征,为切花百合的引种、选育、生产安排和种质资源分类提供理论依据。【方法】调查15个切花百合品种的物候特征,观测各品种茎、叶、花的表型性状,并对表型性状和物候特征进行聚类分析。【结果】根据供试切花百合品种的物候期,早花品种采花生育期共76~79 d;中花品种采花生育期80~97 d;晚花品种采花生育期105 d。品种间的质量性状和数量性状表现出多样性,品种间叶片数、花朵数和叶片宽度差异相比其他性状更为明显,其中,每株叶片数的种间变异系数最大,为44.02%,其次为单株花数和叶片宽;花色丰富,分为5个色系12个色;13个品种的花序类型为伞状兼总状,花姿态横生或直立着生;13个品种具有强的香味;11个品种的叶片姿态平、10个品种叶形披针形。聚类分析结果显示,15个百合品种被划分为4个类群,叶片数多的莎尔塔罗,物候期较晚的凯利福和西伯利亚,以及香味较弱的赞比西最先被分类,说明性状差异明显的品种聚类效果好,与对物候特征及数量和质量性状的调查结果一致。【结论】15个切花百合物候特征差异较明显,可根据市场需求合理安排切花生产计划;品种间存在较高的表型多样性水平,可引进栽培以丰富滇中地区的品种结构,并利用优良性状和独特性状进行品种选育。【Objective】Traits of different cut lily varieties were analyzed to provide theoretical basis for their introduction,breeding,production arrangement and germplasm resources classification.【Method】Investigated the phenological characteristics of 15 cut lily varieties,and analyzed the phenotypic traits of stems,leaves and flowers,and conducted clustering analysis on phenotypic traits and phenological characteristics.【Result】According to the phenological period of tested lily varieties,the growth period of early-flowering varieties was 76-79 d.The growth period of medium-flowering varieties was 80-97 d.The growth period of late-flowering varieties was 105 d.Both quality and quantity traits among varieties showed diversity.Discrepancy in leaf number,flower number,and leaf width among varieties were more obvious than other traits,and the inter-species variation coefficient of the number of leaves per plant was the highest(44.02%),followed by the number of flowers per plant and leaf blade width.The flower colors were rich and divided into 5 color systems and 12 colors,13 varieties of inflorescences were umbelliform and racemose,the flower style was transverse or upright,13 varieties had strong fragrance,11 varieties had flat leaf posture,and 10 varieties had lanceolate leaf shape.Cluster analysis showed that 15 lily varieties were divided into 4 groups,the varieties with abundant leaves such as Salterello,KEF and Siberia with late phenology.Zambesi with weak fragrance were firstly classified,it showed that the varieties with obvious trait differences had good clustering effect,which were consistent with results of phenology characters,quantity and quality traits survey.【Conclusion】The 15 cut flowers lily phenological characteristics are quite different,so the production plan can be reasonably arranged according to the market demand.There is a high level of phenotypic diversity among varieties,which can be introduced and cultivated to enrich the variety structure in the central Yunnan,and use good and uni

关 键 词：切花百合 物候期 表型性状 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S682.2[农业科学—观赏园艺]