“不可追忆时代”的用途与滥用——英国“古代宪法”理论的再检讨  

The Use and Abuse of"Time Immemorial":A Re-discussion on British Theory of"Ancient Constitution"

作　　者：于明[1] Yu Ming

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学法律学院,上海200042

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（法理学、法史学）》2019年第10期96-109,共14页JURISPRUDENCE AND HISTORY OF LAW

摘　　要："古代宪法"理论是英国近代宪法思想中的重要主题,但对于这一理论的实际地位、作用和影响,在中西方学界都存在较多误读。其实,"古代宪法"理论在17世纪早期的英国宪制话语中并不占据明显的优势地位,亦非宪制辩论中最主要的理论资源;在实践中,"古代宪法"也未能实现制约国王权力的初衷,反而被法律人用于对绝对主义的论证,从而导致普通法版本的"古代宪法"理论的破产。在17世纪后期,"古代宪法"话语表面看上去依然流行,但事实上已成为新兴议会主权宪制的话语"伪装",并随着自身理论危机的加深而走向衰落。"古代宪法"理论的研究,应重申其作为意识形态话语的本质,祛除不切实际的误读与神话,还原其真实历史地位与意义。The theory of"ancient constitution"makes an important theme in constitutional ideas in near-modem Britain,while its actual status,function and influence have been much misread in both Chinese and western academy.A re-discussion shows that the theory of"ancient constitution"did not occupy an obvious place in the British constitutional discourse in early 17th century,neither a major theoretical source in constitutional debates.In its practice,the"ancient constitution"did not realize its original theoretical aim to restrict the power of the King,and,oppositely,it is used by lawyers to testify absolutism,resulting in the bankruptcy of the theory of"ancient constitution"in its common law form.Although the discourse of"ancient constitution"was still popular superficially in late 17th century,it became,in fact,a"disguise"of the discourse of the newly thriving constitution of the Parliament sovereign,and was declining with its own theoretical crisis.The study of the theory of"ancient constitution"must reiterate its essence of the discourse of ideology,and resume its real historical status and significance by dispelling all unrealistic misreading and myths.

关 键 词：古代宪法 波考克 英国宪法 普通法 议会主权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]