苦瓜亲本配合力、遗传距离与杂种优势的相关性分析  

Correlation between combining ability,genetic distance and heterosis of Momordica charantia

作　　者：吴立东 刘亚婷 钟金仙 林淑婷 罗英 WU Lidong;LIU Yating;ZHONG Jinxian;LIN Shuting;LUO Ying(Sanming Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanming 365509,China)

机构地区：[1]三明市农业科学研究院,三明365509

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2020年第3期30-35,共6页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：三明市科技计划项目(2018-N-3);三明市农业科学研究院院立项目(2016-Y-1)。

摘　　要：利用SRAP标记技术分析亲本间的遗传距离,探究苦瓜杂种优势与亲本一般配合力(GCA)、特殊配合力(SCA)和遗传距离之间的相关关系。结果表明:苦瓜各性状的杂种优势在不同组合间差异较大。配合力分析发现,瓜纵径、瓜横径主要受加性基因控制,第一雌花节位、瓜肉厚、单瓜重、单瓜种子数主要受非加性基因控制,单株产量受加性基因和非加性基因共同控制。相关性分析发现,杂种优势仅与单瓜重的GCA呈极显著正相关,与各性状的SCA均呈极显著正相关;遗传距离与GCA、SCA均无显著的相关性,且仅与第一雌花节位杂种优势呈显著负相关。研究表明,可通过SCA对苦瓜各性状进行杂种优势预测,进而提高苦瓜亲本的选配效率,但利用SRAP标记遗传距离预测苦瓜杂种优势还有待于进一步研究。SRAP markers were used to analyze the genetic distance between parents and explore the relationship between heterosis and general combining ability(GCA),special combining ability(SCA),genetic distance of Momordica charantia.The results showed that the heterosis of each character was significant difference in different combinations.Combining ability analysis showed that the vertical diameter and horizontal diameter of fruit were mainly controlled by the additive genes,the first female flower node,flesh thickness,weight per fruit and seed number of per fruit were mainly controlled by the non additive genes,yield per plant was controlled by both additive and non additive genes.Furthermore,correlation analysis showed that heterosis was only positive correlated with GCA of weight per fruit significantly,and positive correlated with SCA of all characters significantly.There was no significant correlation between genetic distance and GCA,SCA,and only significant negative correlation between genetic distance and heterosis of the first female flower node.The results showed that SCA could be used to predict heterosis of characters of Momordica charantia and improve the matching efficiency of Momordica charantia parents,but the prediction of heterosis of Momordica charantia by SRAP marker genetic distance needs further study.

关 键 词：苦瓜 遗传距离 杂种优势 一般配合力 特殊配合力 

分 类 号：S642.5.03[农业科学—蔬菜学]