饲粮添加25-羟基维生素D3、植物精油和苯甲酸对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态的影响  

Effects of 25⁃Hydroxyvitamin D3,Plant Essential Oil and Benzoic Acid on Performance,Egg Quality and Intestinal Morphology of Laying Hens

作　　者：弓浩杰 丁雪梅[1] 白世平[1] 曾秋凤[1] 张克英[1] 申攀 王建萍[1] GONG Haojie;DING Xuemei;BAI Shiping;ZENG Qiufeng;ZHANG Keying;SHEN Pan;WANG Jianping(Sichuan Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease⁃Resistance Nutrition and Feed,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease⁃Resistance Nutrition,Ministry of Education,Animal Nutrition Institute,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物营养研究所,教育部动物抗病营养重点实验室,动物抗病营养与饲料农业农村部重点实验室,动物抗病营养四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第6期2638-2649,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：国家十三五重点研发计划(2017YFD0500500);国家自然科学基金项目(31872792);四川省科技厅国际合作项目(2019YFH0062);四川省蛋鸡产业链项目(2018NZ0009,2014NZ0002,2014NZ0043,2013NZ0054)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究饲粮添加25-羟基维生素D3(HyD)、植物精油和苯甲酸对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道形态的影响。试验采用单因子试验设计,选取45周龄1 200只产蛋后期罗曼粉壳蛋鸡,随机分为5个组,每组10个重复,每个重复24只鸡。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0. 069 mg/kg HyD(HYD组)、0. 069 mg/kg HyD+150 mg/kg植物精油(PEO组)、1 000 mg/kg苯甲酸(BA1组)和2 000 mg/kg苯甲酸(BA2组)的饲粮。试验预试期4周,正试期16周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,PEO组、BA1组和BA2组蛋鸡第1~4周平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),同时料蛋比也显著降低(P<0.05);BA2组蛋鸡第1~4周和第13~16周平均蛋重显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,PEO组第4周蛋壳厚度显著提高(P<0.05),试验组第8周蛋壳厚度均显著提高(P<0.05),PEO组、BA1组和BA2组第16周蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组鸡蛋破壳蛋率和暗斑蛋发生率降低。4)与对照组相比,HYD组、PEO组和BA1组蛋鸡十二指肠绒毛高度显著增加(P<0.05),PEO组蛋鸡十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著增加(P<0.05);PEO组蛋鸡空肠绒毛高度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,HYD组和PEO组蛋鸡胫骨强度显著提高(P<0.05)。6)与对照组相比,HYD组和PEO组蛋鸡血清促卵泡素和钙含量显著增加(P<0.05)。结果提示,蛋鸡饲粮中添加HyD或同时添加HyD和植物精油可以提高产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质和胫骨质量并能改善肠道形态,而HyD、HyD+植物精油和低剂量的苯甲酸可以降低破壳蛋率和暗斑蛋的发生率,但短期(前4周)高剂量的苯甲酸会降低蛋鸡的采食量,从而影响蛋鸡产蛋性能。The experiment was conducted to study the effects of 25⁃hydroxyvitamin D3(HyD),plant essential oil and benzoic acid on performance,egg quality and intestinal morphology of laying hens.Using a single⁃fac⁃tor design,a total of 1200 Lohmann Pink⁃eggshell layers during late⁃laying phase(45⁃week⁃old)were ran⁃domly allotted into 5 groups with 10 replicates for each group and 24 chickens for each replicate.Chicks in the control group were fed a corn⁃soybean meal basal diet,while those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.069 mg/kg HyD(HYD group),0.069 mg/kg HyD+150 mg/kg plant essen⁃tial oil(PEO group),1000 mg/kg benzoic acid(BA1 group)and 2000 mg/kg benzoic acid(BA2 group),respectively.The pre⁃trial period was 4 weeks and the trial period was 16 weeks.The results showed as fol⁃lows:1)compared with the control group,the average daily feed intake of laying hens from 1 to 4 weeks in PEO group,BA1 group and BA2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the feed⁃to⁃egg ratio was also significantly decreased(P<0.05).The average egg weight of laying hens from 1 to 4 weeks and 13 to 16 weeks in BA2 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the egg shell thickness in PEO group was significantly increased at week 4(P<0.05),the egg shell thickness in the experimental groups was significantly increased at week 8(P<0.05),and the albumen height and Haugh unit in PEO group,BA1 group and BA2 group were significantly increased at week 16(P<0.05).3)Compared with the control group,the breaking egg rate and the incidence of translucent eggs in the experimental groups were decreased.4)Compared with the control group,the villus height in duodenum of layers in HYD group,PEO group and BA1 group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the villus height to crypt depth ratio in duo⁃denum of layers in PEO group was significantly increased(P<0.05),and the villus height in jejunum of layers in PEO group was significantly increased(P<0.05).5)Compared wi

关 键 词：蛋鸡 生产性能 蛋品质 肠道形态 胫骨质量 25-羟基维生素D3 苯甲酸 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]