饲粮中添加复合植物精油对58周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道菌群结构的影响  

Effects of Compound Plant Essential Oils on Performance,Egg Quality and Cecal Microflora of 58⁃Week⁃Old Hy⁃Line Brown Laying Hens

作　　者：杨建平 王笑笑 李新锋 段海涛 李梦云 姚国佳 YANG Jianping;WANG Xiaoxiao;LI Xinfeng;DUAN Haitao;LI Mengyun;YAO Guojia(College of Animal Science and Technology,Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy,Zhengzhou 450046,China;Feed Resources Development and Safety Evaluation Engineering Research Center of Henan Province,Zhengzhou 450046,China)

机构地区：[1]河南牧业经济学院动物科技学院,郑州450046 [2]河南省饲料资源开发及安全评价工程技术研究中心,郑州450046

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2020年第6期2869-2879,共11页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：河南牧业经济学院科研创新团队(24030015)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加复合植物精油(八角茴香精油和百里香精油)对58周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和肠道菌群结构的影响。选用产蛋率和体重相近的58周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡360只,随机分为对照组和试验组2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础饲粮+150 mg/kg复合植物精油。试验期49 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡的产蛋率显著升高(P<0.05),料蛋比和破蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),平均日采食量和死淘率无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组蛋鸡的蛋黄色泽、蛋白重量显著升高(P<0.05),其他蛋品质指标差异无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组的Shannon指数显著降低(P<0.05),Chao1指数、ACE指数和Simpson指数无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)在门水平上,2组盲肠菌群主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、梭杆菌门(Fusobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)。与对照组相比,试验组拟杆菌门的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),厚壁菌门和梭杆菌门的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。5)在属水平上,与对照组相比,试验组的拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和unidentified_Ruminococcaceae的相对丰度显著升高(P<0.05),梭形杆菌属(Fusobacterium)、瘤胃球菌科_UCG-005属(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005)、厌氧球菌属(Anaerotruncus)的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05),瘤胃球菌科_UCG-014属(Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014)和克里斯滕森菌科_R-7族群(Christensenellaceae_R-7_group)的相对丰度有降低趋势(P=0. 060)。由此可见,在本试验条件下,饲粮中添加150 mg/kg复合植物精油能够改善58周龄海兰褐蛋鸡的生产性能,加深蛋黄颜色,提高盲肠拟杆菌门的相对丰度,降低盲肠厚壁菌门和梭杆菌门的相对丰度,改善盲肠肠道菌群结构。This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of compound plant essential oils(Illicium verum essential oil and thymus mongolicus essential oils)on performance,egg quality and cecal microflora of 58⁃week⁃old Hy⁃Line brown laying hens.A total of 360 fifty⁃eight⁃week⁃old Hy⁃Line brown laying hens with similar laying rate and body weight were randomly allocated to 2 groups(control group and experimental group)with 6 replicates per group and 30 hens per replicate.The control group was fed a basic diet,and the experimental group was fed the basic diet+150 mg/kg compound plant essential oils.The experiment lasted for 49 days.The results showed as follows:1)compared with the control group,the laying rate of experiment group was significantly increased(P<0.05),the ratio of feed to egg and broken egg rate were significantly de⁃creased(P<0.05),while the average daily feed intake and mortality had no significant difference(P>0.05).2)Compared with the control group,the yolk color and albumen weight of experiment group were significantly increased(P<0.05),while the other egg quality indexes had no significant difference(P>0.05).3)Com⁃pared with the control group,the Shannon index of experiment group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while the Chao1 index,ACE index and Simpson index had no significant difference(P>0.05).4)At the phy⁃lum level,the main cecal microflora of two groups were Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Fusobacteria,Proteobacte⁃ria and Actinobacteria.Compared with the control group,the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes of experiment group was significantly increased(P<0.05),while the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were significantly decreased(P<0.05).5)At the genus level,compared with the control group,the relative abundances of Bacteroides and unidentified_Ruminococcaceae were significantly increased(P<0.05),the rel⁃ative abundances of Fusobacterium,Ruminococcaceae_UCG⁃005 and Anaerotruncus were significantly de⁃creased(P<0.05),and the relative abundances

关 键 词：复合植物精油 蛋鸡 生产性能 蛋品质 盲肠菌群结构 

分 类 号：S831[农业科学—畜牧学]