蒙脱土剥离方法的研究进展  

Recent Advances in Exfoliating Method of Montmorillonite

作　　者：刘仁杰 李三喜[1] 王松[1] 张爱玲[1] LIU Renjie;LI Sanxi;WANG Song;ZHANG Ailing(School of Sciences,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学理学院,沈阳110870

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第S01期249-254,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：辽宁省聚合物催化合成技术重点实验室专项基金项目(2010-36);沈阳市科技计划项目(F15-199-1-12)。

摘　　要：蒙脱土作为膨润土的主要成分,因其低廉的价格和丰富的资源受到广泛关注。蒙脱土是典型的2∶1型层状硅酸盐纳米材料,具有阳离子可交换性、强吸附性、亲水膨胀性等优良的特性。剥离蒙脱土因其物理、化学、电学、催化和力学等性能的显著提高而受到人们的广泛关注。蒙脱土层与层之间由范德华力和静电引力连接。剥离蒙脱土的过程是层间力逐渐减小甚至消除的过程。目前蒙脱土主要的剥离方法按照剥离形式不同可分为物理剥离法、化学剥离法和物理-化学剥离法。蒙脱土剥离方法研究热点主要集中在两个方面:一方面,寻求高效且不易破坏长径比的物理方法成为研究热点。目前的物理剥离法主要是利用机械力剪切蒙脱土片层,机械力的方向是无序的,成功剥离的同时剪切片层导致片层被破坏。由于物理法操作简单,成本低廉,寻求一种高效且不破坏片层大小的物理剥离方法成为新的研究热点。另一方面,利用物理剥离法和化学剥离法的有效结合成为研究热点。物理剥离法操作简单,成本低廉,但不能保证片层的完整性;化学剥离法效果显著但过程中大量有机试剂的引入不符合环境友好的原则。将两种方法有效结合,充分利用两种剥离方法中的优势,能够达到更好的剥离效果。本文从物理剥离法、化学剥离法和物理-化学剥离法三种不同的剥离方法出发,综述了近几年蒙脱土剥离方法的研究进展,并对蒙脱土剥离方法的研究热点和研究趋势进行了分析和展望。Montmorillonite is widely concerned because of its low price and rich resources as the constituent of bentonite.Montmorillonite is a typical 2∶1 layered silicate mineral.It has good characteristics such as cation exchangeability,strong adsorption,hydrophilic expansion and.Howe-ver,exfoliated montmorillonite has been paid more attention because of its remarkable improvement in physical,chemical,electrical,catalytic and mechanical properties.The montmorillonite layers are connected by van der Waals forces and electrostatic forces.The process of exfoliation is a process in which the interlaminar forces is gradually reduced or even eliminated.At present,the main exfoliating methods of montmorillonite can be divided into physical exfoliating method,chemical exfoliating method and physical-chemical exfoliating method according to different exfo-liated forms.The research focuses on two aspects.On the one hand,it has become a research issues to find an efficient physical method which is destroy the aspect ratio.At present,the physical exfoliating method destroys the nanosheets through mechanical forces.The direction of mechanical force is disordered,and the sheet layer is destroyed when it is successfully exfoliated.Due to the simple operation and low cost of physical exfoliating method,it has become a new research hotspot to find an efficient and non-destructive physical exfoliating method.On the other hand,the effective combination of physical method and chemical method has become a research hotspot.Physical exfoliation method has simple operation and low cost,but it can not guarantee the integrity of the nanosheets;chemical exfoliating method has significant effect,but the large number of organic reagents in the process is a contradiction of the principle of environmental friendliness.Making full use of the advantages and combining the two methods effectively can achieve better stripping effect.In this paper,the research progress of montmorillonite exfoliating met-hods in recent years is reviewed,and the research ho

关 键 词：蒙脱土 剥离 阳离子可交换性 表面活性剂 长径比 

分 类 号：TQ050.421[化学工程]