活塞二阶运动对非道路高压共轨柴油机振动及噪声影响分析  

Analysis of influence of piston secondary motion on vibration and noise of non-road high pressure common rail diesel engine

作　　者：吴礼民 毕玉华 吴彪 雷基林 申立中 刘康 WU Limin;BI Yuhua;WU Biao;LEI Jilin;SHEN Lizhong;LIU Kang(Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of IC Engine,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Kunming Yunnei Power Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学交通工程学院云南省内燃机重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]昆明云内动力股份有限公司,昆明650500

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2020年第11期193-200,共8页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51765025;51665021)。

摘　　要：活塞敲击是柴油机主要的振动和噪声源,其主要原因是活塞在其与缸套的间隙中做横向和偏摆的二阶运动,因此研究活塞设计参数对活塞二阶运动的影响,优化活塞动力学特性,对于发动机减振降噪具有重要意义。以某非道路四缸高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,建立活塞动力学计算模型以及整机多体动力学计算模型,通过机体和曲轴的模态试验,验证了有限元模型的准确性;采用正交设计方法,研究了活塞销偏置量、活塞裙部中凸点位置、配缸间隙对活塞动力学、整机振动与噪声的影响。研究结果表明:活塞配缸间隙对活塞敲击能量、活塞敲击力、活塞所受力矩影响最大;对发动机振动噪声敏感性分析显示,活塞销偏置是影响发动机振动与噪声性能的关键因素。Piston slap is the main vibration and noise source of diesel engine.The main reason is that the piston performs the second-order movement of the lateral and yaw in the gap between the piston and the cylinder liner.The optimization of the piston dynamics characteristic is of great significance for engine vibration and noise reduction.The influence of the piston design parameters on the second-order movement of the piston was researched,and the piston dynamics was optimized.Taking the off-road four-cylinder high-pressure common rail diesel engine as the research object,the piston dynamics calculation model and the multi-body dynamics calculation model of the whole engine were established.The accuracy of the finite element model was verified by the modal test of the body and crankshaft.The analysis method was used to study the influence of the piston pin offset,the position skirt profile,and the clearance between the piston and cylinder,which are the three main factors influencing on the dynamics and the vibration of the whole engine.The results show that the clearance between the piston and cylinder has the greatest influence on kinetic energy of piston,the piston impact force and the moment due to contact force of piston.Sensitivity analysis of engine vibration and noise shows that the piston pin offset is a key factor affecting engine vibration and noise performance.

关 键 词：柴油机 正交设计方法 活塞设计参数 振动与噪声 敏感性 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3