长江近口段沿岸[鱼句]亚科鱼类的数量动态及其影响因子  

Quantity dynamics of subfamily fishes Gobioninae and related environmental factors in tidal coastal waters of the Yangtze River

作　　者：叶亚蒙 郭弘艺[1,2] 唐文乔[1,2,3] 张亚[1,2] YE Yameng;GUO Hongyi;TANG Wenqiao;ZHANG Ya(Shanghai Univerities Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Taxonomy and Eoolution,Shanghai Ocean Univrsity,Shanghai 201306,China;National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋动物系统分类与进化上海高校重点实验室,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2020年第3期364-373,共10页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0900802);国家自然科学基金(31472280)。

摘　　要：为了解长江近口段沿岸水域中[鱼句]亚科(Gobioninae)鱼类的数量动态及其影响因子,于2003-2017年在靖江段沿岸设置一顶定置张网,每月定期收集2~3份渔获样本,对[鱼句]亚科鱼类的丰度动态与环境因子的相关性进行分析。结果显示,15年共采集渔获样本499份,其中,[鱼句]亚科鱼类有23668尾、65.6 kg,隶属于9属19种。[鱼句]亚科均占鱼类总种数和总个体数的14.6%,是这一水域占优势的鱼类类群之一。[鱼句]亚科的平均体质量仅为2.8 g,幼体为主。相对重要性指数(Relative Importance Index,IRI)分析表明,麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、棒花鱼(Abbotina rivularis)、银[鱼句](Squalidus argentatus)、光唇蛇[鱼句](Saurogobio gymnocheilus)是这一水域的常见种,亮银[鱼句](Squalidus nitens)、长蛇[鱼句](Saurogobio dunerili)、蛇[鱼句](Saurogobio dabryi)为一般种。但[鱼句]亚科占总渔获数量的比例在不同年份间波动很大,占比最高的年份是占比最低年份的7倍。CCA排序分析显示,气压和温度是影响[鱼句]亚科物种丰度的重要因素。水温越高、气压越低,则种组Ⅰ的5个物种出现数量越多,而种组Ⅱ的2个物种出现数量越少。Spearman分析显示,[鱼句]亚科的数量丰度与气压呈显著的负相关性(P=0.0461<0.05)。与浊度的相关性也十分明显,当浊度小于100 NTU时,[鱼句]亚科的数量丰度与浑浊度呈极显著的负相关性(P=0.0092<0.01)。研究表明,靖江沿岸水域是[鱼句]亚科幼体的重要栖息地,多个环境因子的变动均会对其种类和数量产生影响。To understand the role of the tidal reach coastal waters of the Yangtze River in subfamily Gobioninae conservation, a stow net was set up along the Jingjiang section to collect 2 or 3 samples each month from 2003 to 2017. The correlation between the abundance dynamics of Gobioninae and the environmental factors was analyzed. 23 668 fish individuals(65.6 kg) of Gobioninae subfamily were collected from 499 sampling times and categorized into 9 genera and 19 species. The subfamily accounted for 14.6% of the total catch quantity, one of the dominant groups in this watershed. The average weight of the subfamily individual was 2.8 g, and most were the juveniles. The Relative Importance Index(IRI) analysis indicated that Pseudorasbora parva, Abbotina rivularis, Squalidus argentatus, and Saurogobio gymnocheilus were commonly found and species S. nitens, S. dunerili, and S. dabryi were general species in this water area. However, the proportion of the subfamily in the total catch varied with seven fold changes in different years. According to the CCA ranking analysis, the high water temperature and lower air pressure led to the increase of 5 species in the group Ⅰ, and the decrease of two species in the group Ⅱ. Spearman analysis showed a significant negative correlation between the abundance of the subfamily and the air pressure(P=0.046 1<0.05). When the turbidity was less than 100 NTU, the abundance of the subfamily was negatively correlated with the turbidity(P=0.009 2<0.01). Altogether, the waters along Jingjiang section are important habitats for the larvae of Gobioninae, and affect their species diversity and quantity with multiple environmental factors.

关 键 词：长江靖江段 沿岸水域 [鱼句]亚科 资源动态 环境因子影响 

分 类 号：S932.4[农业科学—渔业资源]