不同土质条件下土壤水分对长柄扁桃生理特性的影响  

The Effects of Soil Moisture in Soils of Different Textures on Physiological Traits of Amygdalus Pedunculata Pall

作　　者：裴艳武 黄来明[1,3,4] 贾小旭 邵明安[1,2,3,4] 张应龙 PEI Yanwu;HUANG Laiming;JIA Xiaoxu;SHAO Ming’an;ZHANG Yinglong(Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Yangling 712100,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Shenmu Ecological Association,Shenmu 719399,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [5]陕西省神木市生态协会,陕西神木719399

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第6期1-10,共10页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(41601221);国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2016YFC051605);中国科学院青年创新促进会会员项目(2019052);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所秉维优秀青年人才项目(2017RC203);中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室项目(A314021402-2010)。

摘　　要：长柄扁桃是蔷薇科(Rosaceae)扁桃属(Amygdalus)的落叶灌木,被广泛应用于西北旱区荒漠化防治。【目的】探讨不同土质条件下长柄扁桃对水分胁迫的响应特征,为西北旱区因地制宜进行长柄扁桃人工林建设提供参考。【方法】以黄土高原北部典型壤土和砂土为供试土壤,设置5种水分处理分别为(90%±5%)FC(田间持水率)、(75%±5%)FC、(60%±5%)FC、(45%±5%)FC和(30%±5%)FC,研究了不同质地土壤和水分条件下长柄扁桃生长季内净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、叶片水势(Ψw)及蒸腾耗水量(W-Tr)的动态变化规律。【结果】随着土壤含水率的降低,不同质地土壤中长柄扁桃生长季内Pn、Gs和W-Tr均呈先上升后下降的趋势,而Ψw呈下降趋势。同一水分处理下,长柄扁桃不同时期Pn、Gs、Ψw及W-Tr在不同质地土壤间均表现出显著差异,但这种差异在不同水分条件下表现不同。高水分处理下(>60%FC),长柄扁桃生长季内Pn、Gs、W-Tr均表现为壤土高于砂土,而低水分处理下(<60%FC),Pn、Gs、W-Tr表现为砂土高于壤土。【结论】长柄扁桃在不同质地土壤中对水分胁迫的响应不同,随着水分胁迫的加剧,长柄扁桃更适宜在砂土中生长。【Background】Amygdalus pedunculata Pall is a deciduous shrub of the genus Amygdalus in the Rosaceae family.It is widely used for desertification control in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest China,but how it responds to water stress in soils of different textures is elusive.【Objective】This study aims to investigate the response of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall to water stress in soils of different textural in order to provide guidance for better use of Amygdalus pedunculata Pall to control desertification in arid and semi-arid regions in northwest China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in columns packed with sandy and loamy soils commonly seen in this region.We compared five water levels:90%±5%FC(field capacity),75%±5%of FC,60%±5%of FC,45%±5%of FC and 30%±5%of FC,each having four replicates.The experiment lasted five months from April to September in 2018,during which we measured the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),leaf water potential(Ψw)and transpiration(W-Tr)of the plant 3 to 4 times every month.【Result】As the soil moisture decreased with time,Pn,Gs and W-Tr in all columns increased initially followed by a decline,whileΨw fell monotonically during the whole experimental period.When water content was the same,Pn,Gs,Ψw and W-Tr of the plant in all growth stages differed between the two soils,but discrepancy was inconsistent and varied with water content.Pn,Gs,W-Tr of the plant grown in the loamy soil were higher those in sandy soil when soil moisture>60%of FC,while the opposite was true when the soil moisture was<60%of FC.【Conclusion】Amygdalus pedunculata Pall responded differentially to water stress and soil texture.It appeared that the plant was more adaptive in the sandy soil than in the loamy soil with water stress increasing.These findings offer guidance for the revegetation program in the Loess Plateau where soil texture and soil moisture are both highly heterogenous.

关 键 词：长柄扁桃 土壤质地 水分胁迫 光合特征 耗水规律 

分 类 号：S728.2[农业科学—林木遗传育种]