不同水肥处理水稻氮磷吸收利用及产量试验研究  

The Combined Effects of Water and Fertilizer Applications on Root Uptake of N and P and Yield of Rice

作　　者：何军[1,2] 何天楷 张宇航 钟盛建 高明利[3] 赵树君 陈扬 朱子荣 陈莹 HE Jun;HE Tiankai;ZHANG Yuhang;ZHONG Shengjian;GAO Mingli;ZHAO Shujun;CHEN Yang;ZHU Zirong;CHEN Ying(College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Engineering Research Center of Ecoenvironment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region,Ministry of Education,China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,China;Hubei Zhanghe Hydraulic Project Administration Bureau,Jingmen 448156,China)

机构地区：[1]三峡大学水利与环境学院,湖北宜昌443002 [2]三峡大学三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,湖北宜昌443002 [3]湖北省漳河工程管理局,湖北荆门448156

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2020年第6期67-72,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：湖北省教育厅科学技术研究项目(Q20161206);宜昌市应用基础研究项目(A17-302-a01);三峡大学博士科研启动基金项目(8194004)。

摘　　要：【目的】寻求肥料高效利用的水稻水肥调控模式。【方法】设置了2种灌溉模式:W1淹水灌溉,W2间歇灌溉;2种施肥类型:N1常规肥,N2缓释肥开展水稻测坑试验。【结果】缓释肥条件下植株的氮素收获指数(NHI)达到69.0%(W1)和71.6%(W2),分别比常规肥高出2.8%和7.5%;磷素收获指数(PHI)达到84.1%(W1)和86.7%(W2),分别比常规肥高出0.5%和4.4%。间歇灌溉模式下施用缓释肥植株的氮、磷肥偏生产力为58.4kg/kg和145.9 kg/kg,比淹灌模式下的氮、磷肥偏生产力高出1.2%和1.1%,籽粒产量也达到最大值10 505 kg/hm^2,比淹灌缓释肥处理产量高出1.1%。【结论】间歇灌溉缓释肥调控模式能提高肥料利用率,提高作物产量。【Background】Rice is a staple crop but its fertilizer use efficiency in China is low.Improving water and nitrogen use efficiency of rice is hence essential to meet the mandatory requirement of zero increase in agrochemicals application while in the meantime maintaining sustainable crop production in China.【Objective】This paper aims to investigate how to improve root uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus through optimization of irrigation and fertilization.【Method】The experiment was conducted in lysimeters with conventional flood irrigation(W1)and alternate wet and dry irrigation,with each having two fertilizations-conventional fertilization(N1)and slow-release fertilization(N2).【Result】Slow-release fertilization in combination with W1 and W2 increased the nitrogen harvest index(NHI)to 69.0%and 71.6%respectively,up 2.8%and 7.5%;and phosphorus harvest index to 84.1%and 86.7%respectively,up 0.5%and 4.4%,compared to the conventional fertilization.The partial productivity of slow-release nitrogen and phosphorus was 58.4 kg/kg and 145.9 kg/kg,respectively,in W2,up 1.2%and 1.1%compared to W1.Coupling N2 and W2 maximized the yield to 10505 kg/hm^2,increasing by 1.1%compared to combination of N2 and W1.【Conclusion】Coupling slow-release fertilization with alternate wet and dry irrigation improved both fertilizer utilization and yield of the rice at significant level.

关 键 词：水肥处理 全氮 全磷 产量 

分 类 号：S271[农业科学—农业水土工程] X592[农业科学—农业工程]