染色体数目减少及B染色体产生的进化基因组学模型  

Evolutionary genomics model of chromosome number reduction and B chromosome production

作　　者：王振怡 王希胤 WANG ZhenYi;WANG XiYin(Center for Genomics and Computational Biology,School of Life Sciences,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063210,China;College of Genomics and Big Data Biology,Chengdu University of TCM,TCM,Chengdu 610075)

机构地区：[1]华北理工大学生命科学学院基因组学与计算生物学研究中心,唐山063210 [2]成都中医药大学基因组学与生物大数据学院,成都610075

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2020年第5期524-537,共14页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(批准号:2016YFD0101001);河北省高等学校科学技术研究项目(批准号:QN2017123)资助。

摘　　要：在长期进化过程中,染色体数目展示出动态性变化.关于真核生物染色体进化仍有许多谜团,一个是如何维持染色体数目,另外一个是B染色体是如何产生的.全基因组测序工作的开展为认识染色体数目变化提供了新的机会,特别是反复的多倍化事件后染色体的改变有助于人们理解相关生物学规律和机制.通过比较基因组学分析,本文提出了染色体数目变化与B染色体产生的模型,认为染色体数目的减少主要是由于染色体融合,并且端粒的丢失及B染色体的产生在基因组重新整合和染色体数目减少中起着重要作用.In the long-term evolution, the number of chromosomes shows dynamic changes. There are still many mysteries about eukaryote chromosome evolution, one is how to maintain a small chromosome number, the other is how to produce B chromosome. The development of whole genome sequencing provides a new opportunity to understand chromosome number changes, especially after repeated polyploidy events. Through comparative genomics analysis, we propose an evolutionary model of chromosome number change and B chromosome production, and we propose that the reduction of chromosome number is mainly due to chromosome fusion, which shows that the loss of telomere and the formation of B chromosome play an important role in genome repatterning and chromosome number reduction.

关 键 词：进化基因组学 B染色体 染色体数目减少 多倍化 全基因组加倍 核型进化 

分 类 号：Q343.2[生物学—遗传学]