胶膜菌属真菌S7(Tulasnella sp.)及提取物对铁皮石斛种子萌发的影响  

Effects of Tulasnella sp. S7 and its extract on Dendrobium officinale seed germination

作　　者：杨建文 陈晓梅[1] 孟志霞[1] 朱卫东 单婷婷 黄庆 周丽思[1] 郭顺星[1] YANG JianWen;CHEN XiaoMei;MENG ZhiXia;ZHU WeiDong;SHAN TingTing;HUANG Qing;ZHOU LiSi;GUO ShunXing(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Zhejiang Longevity Valley Botanical Co.,Ltd,Jinhua 321200,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院&北京协和医学院药用植物研究所,北京100193 [2]浙江寿仙谷医药股份有限公司,金华321200

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2020年第5期559-570,共12页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程(批准号:2017-I2M-3-013);国家自然科学基金(批准号:81573526)资助。

摘　　要：兰科植物种子细小,无胚乳,自然条件下依赖共生的真菌为其提供营养实现种子萌发.前期研究表明,在燕麦琼脂(oatmeal agar, OMA)培养基上与兰科铁皮石斛种子共生培养时,胶膜菌属真菌S7(Tulasnella sp.)能促进种子萌发.本文用S7培养物在6种基质上进行播种实验,考察S7的田间使用效果;将S7提取物分别加入OMA和MS培养基中,考察S7提取物对铁皮石斛种子萌发的影响.研究发现:(ⅰ)不使用S7,种子在3种基质上能够出芽,最高出芽率为1.96%±1.26%,在1种基质上能形成幼苗,最高成苗率为0.96%±1.07%.使用S7,种子在6种基质上都能够出芽并形成幼苗;种子在泥炭土:锯末(1:1)基质上的萌发效果最好,出芽率和成苗率分别达到26.68%±6.26%和20.97%±6.93%.这些结果验证了S7具有促进铁皮石斛种子萌发作用,可应用于田间播种,同时说明播种基质能够影响S7的作用.(ⅱ) OMA培养基中添加高浓度S7菌丝体提取物后,培养50天形成原球茎,比对照组提前了20天;60天时形成叶片,对照组原球茎未见继续发育;培养80天种子萌发率为54.90%±2.46%,与对照组相比提高了57.6%(P<0.05),出芽率为9.11%±4.17%,对照组仅为0.41%±0.38%.这些结果提示, S7菌丝体提取物中含有可以促进种子萌发与原球茎发育的物质.本研究为进一步探索该菌的实际应用价值,并探索共生真菌中促进兰科种子萌发的活性代谢产物奠定了基础,为兰科种子共生萌发的机制研究开拓了新的思路.Orchidaceae seeds are tiny, without an endosperm. In nature, seed germination depends on symbiotic fungi for nutrients. In symbiotic culturing with seeds of the orchid Dendrobium officinale on oatmeal agar(OMA) medium, Tulasnella sp. S7 promotes seed germination. This study investigated the field application effects of S7 on seed germination of D. officinale by using S7 culture for a sowing experiment with six media. S7 extract was added to OMA and Murashige and Skoog media for seed culture. Without S7,seeds sprouted on three media;the highest sowing bud ratio(SBR) was 1.96%±1.26%. In addition, seedlings emerged on one media;the highest percentage of seedling emergence(PSE) was 0.96%±1.07%. With S7, seeds sprouted and formed seedlings on all six media. Seeds germinated best on peat soil:sawdust(1:1) medium, with the SBR and PSE reaching 26.68%±6.26% and 20.97%±6.93%, respectively. These results showed that S7 can promote seed germination of D. officinale and can be applied to field sowing and that the culture medium influences the effects of S7. After adding high-concentration S7 mycelium extract to OMA medium, the protocorm formed after 50 days of culture, 20 days earlier than the control group;leaves formed on day 60;and the control group protocorm did not continue to develop. After 80 days of culture, the seed germination rate was 54.90%±2.46%, 57.6% higher compared to the control group(P<0.05), and the bud rate was 9.11%±4.17% compared to the control group(0.41%±0.38%). These results indicated that the S7 mycelium extract contains substances that can promote seed germination and protocorm development.This study laid the foundation for further exploration of the practical application value of S7 and of active metabolites that promote the germination of orchid seeds in symbiotic fungi, which provide us with new ideas for studying the mechanism underlying symbiotic germination of orchid seeds.

关 键 词：铁皮石斛 胶膜菌属 田间播种 真菌提取物 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]