玛曲县高寒草地可食牧草产量和养分含量变化及草地承载力分析  

Analysis on the Change of the Yield and Nutrient Content of the Edible Forage and the Grassland Grazing Capacity in the Alpine Grassland of Maqu County

作　　者：俞慧云 俞联平 杨林平 陈兴荣 娘毛加 李新媛 李昀 Yu Huiyun;Yu Lianping;Yang Linping;Chen Xingrong;Niang Maojia;Li Xinyuan;Li Yun(Grassland Technical Extension Station of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730010,China;Grassland Station of Maqu County,Maqu,Gansu 747300,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省草原技术推广总站,兰州730010 [2]玛曲县草原工作站,甘肃玛曲747300

出　　处：《中国草食动物科学》2020年第3期40-46,共7页China Herbivore Science

基　　金：草地可食牧草与放牧家畜季节性营养平衡研究;甘肃省现代草食畜产业技术体系(GARS-CS-4)。

摘　　要：为确定甘肃省玛曲县高寒草地牧草生长期产草量及养分含量的动态变化,核定适宜载畜量,将遥感与地面监测和实验室分析相结合,对玛曲县高寒草地牧草生长盛期产草量及分级,可食牧草养分含量及动态变化进行了研究,并以可食牧草产量和粗蛋白(CP)产量为基础,分析评价了不同放牧季高寒草地的承载力。结果表明:6-8月份玛曲县高寒草地可食牧草平均鲜草产量均随牧草生育期延续而升高,且以7月份增幅最大,产量分级走高且趋于分散。可食牧草CP和磷含量随牧草生育期延续而降低,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量增加,粗脂肪和钙含量具有先上升后下降趋势。以8月可食牧草产量和CP产量为基础的冷季草场承载力分别为117.75万个羊单位和105.73万个羊单位,暖季草场承载力分别为258.35万个羊单位和252.00万个羊单位,冷季草场承载力远低于暖季;冷季和暖季草场基于CP产量的载畜量分别较产草量载畜量低12.01万个羊单位和6.35万个羊单位,以CP产量为基础核定草地承载力能更加合理地反映放牧家畜与草地营养供给之间的平衡。In order to determine the dynamic changes of grass yield and nutrient content of alpine meadow during forage growing period in Maqu county,check and ratify suitable stocking rate. Combining remote sensing with ground monitoring and laboratory analysis,forage yield and classification in alpine grassland,nutrient content and dynamic change of forage were studied,analysis of bearing capacity of natural grassland in different grazing seasons based on forage yield and CP yield. The results showed that in the 6-8 month,the average fresh yield of edible pasture increased with the growth period of pasture in Maqu,and the largest in July,the production grading went up and tended to disperse. CP and P content decreased with the development of forage,NDF and ADF content increased,EE and Ca content increased first and then decreased. The grassland grazing capacity of cold-season pasture based on the yield of edible forage and CP were 117.75 and 105.73(10 000 SU)respectively in August,and of warm-season pasture were 258.35 and 252.00(10 000 SU)respectively,the carrying capacity in cold-season was much lower than that in warm-season,the grassland grazing capacity of cold-season and warm-season based on CP yield were 12.01 and 6.35(10 000 SU)lower than edible forage yield respectively,it could reflect the balance of nutrition supply between grassland and livestock better,reduce grazing pressure.

关 键 词：玛曲县 高寒草地 可食牧草产量 养分含量 草地承载力 

分 类 号：S54[农业科学—作物学]