二氧化碳相变技术应用于新型震源研发的可行性研究  

Feasibility study of developing one new type of seismic source via carbon dioxide phase transition

作　　者：李稳 陈颙[1] 王夫运 曹运兴[3] 王恒知 田林[3] 徐勇 郭新景[2] 冯生强[2] 扈效鹏[2] LI Wen;CHEN Yong;WANG FuYun;CAO YunXing;WANG HengZhi;TIAN Lin;XU Yong;GUO XinJing;FENG ShengQiang;HU XiaoPeng(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Geophysical Exploration Center,China Earthquake Administration,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Gas Geology and Engineering Research Center,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo Henan 454000,China;Jiangsu Earthquake Agency,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,南京210023 [2]中国地震局地球物理勘探中心,郑州450002 [3]河南理工大学煤层气/瓦斯地质工程研究中心,河南焦作454000 [4]江苏省地震局,南京210014

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2020年第7期2605-2616,共12页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC1503200);国家自然科学基金项目(41790463,41774072,91214205,41674140,41704058);中国地震局地震科技星火计划项目(XH18063Y);中国地震局物探中心青年人才专项(YFGEC2017003,SFGEC2014006)联合资助.

摘　　要：为了研究二氧化碳物理相变技术应用于新型震源研发的可行性,在地下成层性较好的某煤田地震测区,开展了利用二氧化碳相变技术激发地震波的野外人工震源激发-接收实验.并与传统炸药震源进行了对比.地震数据利用Aries2.66型垂直分量反射地震仪和PDS-2型三分量地震仪接收.根据实测地震数据,从野外地震记录震相识别,初至波传播距离分析,震源近场地震信号时频分析,CO2相变激发震源子波提取和基于CO2震源子波的地震初至波波形反演实验等多个方面,进行了关于CO2相变激发技术能否产生地震波信号以及能否将其应用于新型震源研发的可行性研究.研究结果表明CO2物理相变膨胀能够产生能量集中的地震波信号;在实验区地质条件和激发参量下地震记录中初至波的可识别的传播距离约为1km;震源近场地震信号的主频集中在8~13Hz;利用震源近场数据提取了CO2震源子波;通过地震初至波波形反演实验认为这种震源子波能够应用于波形反演等方面的研究.因为CO2相变激发具有绿色、环保、安全等方面的优点,若能进一步在激发能量、激发-延迟时间一致性等方面加以改进,该技术有望在城市隐伏活动断层探测、城市地下空间探测、煤矿高瓦斯环境人工地震勘探等领域发挥重要的作用.The purpose of this work is to examine the feasibility of developing a new type of the active seismic source using carbon dioxide phase transition.In a coal mine with good subsurface layering,field experiments with seismic wave exciting of this source and receiving were made and compared with the traditional explosive source.The Aries2.66 type vertical seismograph and PDS-2 type three-component seismograph were employed to receive seismic signals.Based on the observational data,the subsequent work includes identifying seismic phases,analyzing first arrival wave′s propagation distance,time-frequency of near-field seismic signals,the source wavelet extracting and the testing of seismic first arrival wave waveform inversion based on CO 2 source wavelet.Research results reveal that the CO 2 phase transition can generate energy-focused seismic signals.The first arrival wave′s propagation distance is about 1.0 kilometer.The main frequency of near-field seismic signals is 8 to 13 Hz,and the source wavelet of CO 2 phase transition can be extracted utilizing the near-field seismic data.Tests of first arrival wave waveform inversion suggest that the CO 2 source wavelet could be used in waveform inversion studies.Because of its safety and eco-friendly,though needing improvement in exciting energy and consistence between excitation and delay times,this CO 2 phase transition technique may play an important role in seismic surveys of high gas environments,urban underground space and hidden active faults in cities.

关 键 词：主动震源研发 二氧化碳物理相变 时频分析 震源子波 初至波波形反演 

分 类 号：P315[天文地球—地震学]